analysis of aperture-coupled microstrip antennas with a superstrate using space domain closed form greens functions is presented. integral equations are derived from applying the boundary conditions on the radiating patch, across the aperture, and on the microstrip feedline. the computation of space domain greens functions is performed using the closed-form. the solution of the integral equatio...

Smart grids are envisioned to support large penetrations of electrical vehicles driven by economical and environmental signals. Nevertheless, distribution system operators are becoming concerned about distribution congestion that may occur in the network with multiple domestic plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) charging. Therefore, investigating the impacts of high PHEV penetration levels...

for any agency dealing with the design of the water distribution network, an economic design will be an objective. in this research, central force optimization (cfo) and differential evolution (de) algorithm were used to optimize ismail abad water distribution network. optimization of the network has been evaluated by developing an optimization model based on cfo and de algorithm in matlab and ...

– We introduce a model for the dynamic self-organization of the electric grid. The model is characterized by a conserved magnitude, energy, that can travel following the links of the network to satisfy nodes’ load. The load fluctuates in time causing local overloads that drive the dynamic evolution of the network topology. Our model displays a transition from a fully connected network to a conf...

this paper proposes a new method for transmission loss allocation. the share of each bus in the transmission line losses is determined using transmission line loss equations with respect to bus-injected currents. then, it is applied to the total network transmission lines. in the proposed method, comparing with other methods, a solution to remove the negative loss allocation has been introduced...

Controlling the microbiological quality of water is important for its uses. Microbiological requirements of drinking water ensure the absence of coliforms, but may indicate the potential presence of other potentially pathogenic microorganisms and viruses of fecal origin. A total of 36 water samples, representing the drinking water of the whole city of Aradan, Semnan, Iran, were randomly collect...

generally, the failure rate and the repair time of system components are constant parameters in reliability assessment of electric distribution systems. a failure of component is resulted from failing in the operation or overloading. in addition, there exist cases where, the repair times of components are small and tolerable from customer point of view. thus, tolerable repair times may be overl...

Electric arc furnace (EAF) is one of the responsible cause for deteriorating power quality in the distribution network by, introducing harmonics, propagating voltage flicker and causing unbalance in voltages and currents. This paper presents performance evaluation of composite filter (CF) for power quality improvement of EAF distribution network. The performance of CF is evaluated in terms of h...

When massive Electric Vehicle (EV) charging stations are integrated into the power grid, the local distribution network will be dramatically affected. Therefore, a scientific and rational planning of the Power Distribution Network Structure (PDNS) should take full account of the integration of EV Charging Station (EVCS). In order to solve this problem, firstly, the objective function of PDNS is...

The penetration of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) into nearfuture traffic and power infrastructure is expected to be large enough to have a serious impact on the grid. If each PEV arrives at home and charges immediately, the distribution network can incur in serious problems. Therefore, the charging process of the PEVs has to be coordinated, on the basis of the grid capabilities, generation an...