This paper presents guidelines for the accurate evaluation of harmonics and flicker generated by ac electric arc furnaces, and its propagation through transmission and distribution systems. It is presented a typical case where a HV system supplies a high capacity arc furnace. The electrical network is simulated using the ATP version of the EMTP where a non-linear time-varying three-phase arc mo...

We present the results of a telephone survey of electric arc furnace (EAF) steel producers. This report characterizes the current status of EAF dust generation, treatment and disposal. It indicates the quantity generated, zinc content, other relevant constituents, and plans and trends that will impact on the quantity and characteristics of the dust generated. The survey covers EAF based steel p...

Recent research has been significantly increased our fundamental understanding of microwave interactions with materials. Thermal absorption has been demonstrated to result from simultaneous action of multiple dissipation mechanisms during processing. In addition, it has been conclusively established that strong microwave fields exert a non-thermal driving force during sintering. This force acts...

A recursive algorithm is proposed in this paper to identify Hammerstein–Wiener systems with heteroscedastic measurement noise. Based on the parameterization model of Hammerstein–Wiener systems, the algorithm is derived by minimizing the expectation of the sum of squared parameter estimation errors. By replacing the immeasurable internal variables with their estimations, the need for the commonl...

Different wastes are generated in ferromanganese and silicomanganese alloy production. One of them is the ultrafine oxidized dust (UOD) produced in the collection and control of flying dusts in the ferroalloy industry. This waste has fairly high manganese content (20%–40% Mn), making it suitable to be a secondary raw material for the ferromanganese industry. This research proposes a method for ...