We present a new method for developing hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) by using electrical potentials and deionized water. Nested-L test structures with a pitch as small as 9 nm were developed using this electrochemical technique in saline solution without adding hydroxyl ions. Furthermore, we showed that high-resolution structures can be electrochemically developed in deionized water alone. Elec...

Wecharacterized the hyperpolarization ofthe electrical potential profile of flounder intestinal cells that accompanies inhibition of NaCl cotransport . Several observations indicate that hyperpolarization of ~, and ~b (DY'a,b) results from inhibition of NaCl entry across the apical membrane : (a) the response was elicited by replacement of mucosal solution Cl or Na by nontransported ions, and (...

Motility of the desmid Cosmarium cucumis depends on light: switching the light on induces a large fraction of previously immotile cells to start moving, and switching it off causes many motile cells to stop. Turning light on or off causes light-induced electrical potential changes which can be measured with internal microelectrodes. The electrical gradient within the cell is not correlated with...

The electrical potential differences were measured at various points in an organic phase of a water-oil-water liquid membrane system in which self-oscillations of an electrical potential difference occurred across a three-phases-liquid membrane by using an H-shaped cell. The electrical potential difference oscillated in the direction through the two aqueous phases, but not in its vertical direc...

Action potentials, or spikes, are specific, transient changes in the electrical potential of the membrane of a neuron, and play a crucial role communication among neurons. However, these are not the only electrical signals generated in the brain. Researchers have long known about another class of electrical signals called the local field potential (LFP), which refers to the slowly-varying compo...

In nerve cells, information is coded and transmitted as a series of electrical impulses called “action potentials,” which represent a brief change in cell electric potential. Nerve signals are frequency modulated; that is, the number of action potentials that occur in a unit of time is proportional to the intensity of the transmitted signal. An action potential can be elicited artificially by c...

Action potential duration and contractility are reduced following premature excitations, and gradually increase as the stimulus interval is lengthened. To examine these phenomena of electrical and mechanical restitution in the human heart, we simultaneously measured action potential duration and the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure in five patients undergoing electrophysiological study...

The molecular arrangement of lipids and proteins within biomembranes and monolayers gives rise to complex film morphologies as well as regions of distinct electrical surface potential, topographical and electrostatic nanoscale domains. To probe these nanodomains in soft matter is a challenging task both experimentally and theoretically. This work addresses the effects of cholesterol, lipid comp...

OBJECTIVE To compare the outcomes (auditory threshold and open-set speech perception at 48-month follow-up) of a new near-field monitoring procedure, electrical compound action potential, on positioning the auditory brainstem implant electrode array on the surface of the cochlear nuclei versus the traditional far-field electrical auditory brainstem response. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. ...