Low voltage operated electrochemical devices, such as electrochromic displays, electrochemical transistors and electrolyte capacitors can be produced from electrically conducting polymers and polyelectrolytes. Here, we report how such polymers and polyelectrolytes can be casted together with nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) derived from wood. The resulting films, which carry ionic or electronic ...

The spectroscopic properties of an electrochromic cell in the mid-infrared and near-infrared regions have been investigated. Absorption modes due to moisture were found to hinder the performance of the device by absorbing in the frequency range 3000 cm to 4000 cm. A method was developed to remove water from the cell by paying careful attention to the creation of the electrolyte gel. This electr...

Four donor–acceptor type conducting polymers, namely poly(2,3-bis(4-decyloxy)phenyl)5,8-bis(4-thiophen-2-yl)pyrido[4,3-b]pyrazine) (P1), poly(2,3-bis(4-decyloxy)phenyl)-5,8bis(4-butylthiophen-2-yl)pyrido[4,3-b]pyrazine) (P2), poly(2,3-bis(4-(decyloxy)phenyl)-5,8bis(4-hexyloxythiophen-2-yl)pyrido[4,3-b]pyrazine) (P3) and poly(2,3-bis(4-(decyloxy)phenyl)-5,8bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin...

A low-cost building communications network is needed that would allow individual window and lighting loads to be controlled from an existing enterprise LAN network. This building communications network concept, which we term IBECSTM (Integrated Building Environmental Communications System), would enable both occupant-based and building-wide control of individual window, lighting, and sensor dev...

A great deal of attention has been recently focused on Electrochromic (EC) materials and EC based devices, promoting mainly applications related to display technology. In this case, EC based displays are usually actuated by the application of low dc bias voltages, changing their appearance from transparent to opaque. A variety of studies related to the optical characteristics of EC materials ha...

Electrochromic effect has been discovered in many materials with a wide range of applications from visible to infrared, such as smart windows, electronic displays, infrared camouflage, and color-changeable tactile sensor. However, conventional electrochromic cannot meet the growing demand for performance terms optical contrast, response time, durability, color diversity, flexibility, which slow...

We report the properties of an all-solid-state electrochromic ~EC! device that can be switched over a useful range of optical transmissions with voltages below 1 V. This switching voltage is smaller than required by other solid-state EC devices reported to date. We attribute the lower-than-normal switching voltage to the use of a thermally evaporated MgF2 thin film as the lithium ion conducting...

Local stimulation induces generation and propagation of electrical signals, including the variation potential (VP) and action potential, in plants. Burning-induced VP changes the physiological state of plants; specifically, it inactivates photosynthesis. However, the mechanisms that decrease photosynthesis are poorly understood. We investigated these mechanisms by measuring VP-connected systemi...

Different nanocomposites between reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles were synthesized through modifications in the polyol method (starting from graphene oxide (GO) dispersion in ethylene glycol and nickel acetate), processed as thin films through the liquid-liquid interfacial route, homogeneously deposited over transparent electrodes and spectroscopically, microscopically and...