The term ΘǫFμνFρσ, when added to the electromagnetic Lagrangian − 1 16π FFμν , does not change the signature of the Lagrangian. Actually, it increases the part with negative kinetic energy term at the spatial infinity. For this reason it does not change the conclusion, that at the spatial infinity the magnetic part of the electromagnetic field should be absent. PACS numbers: 12.20.Os , 11.10.Ij

Traditionally electric motor manufactures have tended to concentrate effort on improving the electromagnetic design and have only dealt with the thermal design aspects superficially. However the increasing requirement for miniaturisation, energy efficiency and cost reduction, and the need to fully exploit new topologies and materials, make it imperative to analyse the thermal circuit to the sam...

Quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field give rise to a zeropoint energy that persists even in the absence of electromagnetic sources. One striking consequence of the zero-point energy is manifested in the Casimir force, which causes two electrically neutral metallic plates to attract in order to reduce the zero-point energy. A second, less well-known, effect is a torque that arises be...

One of the principal limitations to the luminosity lifetime in high energy heavy ion colliders is the loss of beam particles due to the large cross section for beambeam interactions. At very high energies there are essentially three processes that contribute to the losses: Electron capture, electromagnetic dissociation and hadronic processes. The electron capture proceeds through several differ...

A wave is a disturbance that propagates through space and time, usually with the transference of energy from one point to another without permanent displacement of particles of the medium. The particles under this situation only oscillate about their equilibrium positions. If the particles oscillate in the direction of wave propagation, then the wave is called longitudinal wave. However, if the...