The vector potential is A=(μo/4π)qv/r, from which B=∇×A. Upon any acceleration of the charge, one finds a long range electric field, E=− ∂A/∂t. The range of this 1/r field far exceeds that from a charge, which goes as 1/r2 or a dipole which goes as 1/r3. This E field differs from Hertz’ solution for an oscillating charge. Hertz’ finding of TEM waves from an oscillating charge is flawed by the i...

Electromagnetic interference can be easily coupled into metallic shielding enclosure that is penetrated with a conducting wire, which having a harmful effect on electrical and electronic devices. To sudy the characteristics, Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) is applied in both frequency and time domain for modeling the coupling of an incident electromagnetic pulse (EMP) with a conducting wir...

One particular laser accelerator is discussed in detail: the Template Laser (LT) Accelerator. According to one design, it employs mirrors placed periodically along the particle trajectory. According to another design, the mirrors are omitted, and additional electromagnetic fields are employed instead. The former design is a near field accelerator, but the latter is not. It is shown that contrar...

Free electromagnetic fields, satisfying Maxwell's equations with no charges and electric currents, can be described by complex vector fields. In the standard formulation fields sharply dependent on position time, one obtains integrals that are mathematically ill-defined. This happens for massless Pauli--Jordan function, which is used to describe time evolution of appears in Poisson brackets cla...

There has been considerable recent interest in the effects of electromagnetic fields (such as those near electricity transmission lines) on human health, and particularly in their potential to effect the development of leukemia and central nervous system tumors. An elevated risk of leukemia following exposure to electromagnetic fields has been demonstrated [1,2], and the International Agency fo...

Here we investigate the effect of electromagnetic waves with high radio frequency radiation on the antioxidant enzyme activities and seed germination of Zea mays. Three groups of Zea mays seeds were used in this study. The first group was only exposed to RF radiation emitted from the mobile phone simulator. The second group was only exposed to RF radiation emitted from the mobile phone simulato...

Background: Effects of electromagnetic fields on healing have been investigated for centuries. Substantial data indicates that exposure to electromagnetic field can lead to enhanced healing in both soft and hard tissues. Helmholtz coil is a device that generates pulsed electromagnetic fields. Objective: In this study, a pair of Helmholtz coils for enhancing thehealing process in periodontitis w...

The produced electric and magnetic fields due to lightning strikes to mountainous ground are determined in this paper. For the sake of simplicity a cone-shaped ground with finite conductivity is assumed to represent a natural nonflat ground. By this assumption, we deal with an axillary symmetrical structure so we use the cylindrical 2D-FDTD to save the simulation memory and time, dramatically. ...

Electromagnetic field produced in high-energy heavy-ion collisions contains much useful information, because the field can be directly related to the motion of the matter in the whole stage of the reaction. One can divide the total electromagnetic field into three parts, i.e., the contributions from the incident nuclei, non-participating nucleons and charged fluid, the latter consisting of stro...

In this research, the effects of electromagnetic fields of various strengths (0, 1 and 2mT) have been investigated on antioxidant enzymes activity in Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.). The dry and wet (soaked for 30 min) Valerian seeds were exposed to electromagnetic fields 30 min per day for 3 days. Each treatment and control groups had 3 replicates and 10 seeds were employed for each replic...