The award of the Nobel prize in equal shares to Prof. Yoichiro Nambu of the University of Chicago, Profs. Makato Kobayashi of the KEK laboratory in Tsukuba and Toshihide Maskawa of Kyoto University, nearly completes the series of Nobel Prizes recognizing the development of the Standard Model of Particle Physics. This model is a simple and coherent picture of fundamental particles and forces bas...

Appropriate combinations of laser beams can be used to trap and manipulate small particles with optical tweezers as well as to induce significant optical binding forces between particles. These interaction forces are usually strongly anisotropic depending on the interference landscape of the external fields. This is in contrast with the familiar isotropic, translationally invariant, van der Waa...

We present results from an independent analysis of friction that more generally addresses all crystalline materials by an extension of coincident site lattice theory and dislocation drag. Calculations for graphitic friction are carried out and agree in magnitude with experimental friction forces. More interestingly, static, dynamic and anisotropic friction forces, incommensurability effects and...

We evaluate the two-point functions of the electromagnetic field in (D+1)-dimensional spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universes with a power-law scale factor, assuming that the field is prepared in the Bunch-Davies vacuum state. The range of powers are specified in which the two-point functions are infrared convergent and the Bunch-Davies vacuum for the electromagnetic field is a phys...

The presently accessible range of physical phenomena appears to be governed by the four familiar types of basic forces, mediated either by spin-one or spin-two quanta (TABLE 1). The spins of the mediating quanta, spin-one for weak, electromagnetic (EM), and strong forces, and spin-two for strong and gravitational forces, appear to correspond to two of the deepest and most elegant theoretical st...

Single stage electrohydraulic flow control valves are currently not suitable in high flow rate and high frequency applications. This is due to the very significant flow induced forces and the power/force limitation of electromagnetic actuators that directly stokes the spool. An unstable valve has been proposed that can utilize the flow forces to achieve fast responses at high flow rate. In this...

The impact on the molten metal with electromagnetic forces makes it possible to create specific flows in metal, which, turn, are able concentrate particles of inclusions a given area, from where they can be removed mechanically. In this case, is important determine shape inclusions, which will provide best efficiency them forces. use such an effect process crystallization (transfer partially cr...