background :     river and underground waters are main sources of tap water in guilan, iran. overland wastes move into rivers during periods of heavy or extended rain that is very common in the area. pseudomonas aeruginosa , legionella pneumophila , and escherichia coli are main human pathogens with water source. this study is designed to determine the load of these bacteria in main water suppl...

BACKGROUND The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block has been shown to provide effective postoperative analgesia in lower abdominal surgery. Subcostal TAP block has also been proposed as a new technique to provide analgesia for the supraumbilical abdomen. We compared the analgesic and opioid-sparing effects of a single-injection subcostal TAP block with continuous thoracic epidural analgesia ...

BACKGROUND The analgesic effect of a TAP block has been investigated in various surgical settings. There are however limited information about block level and block duration. Furthermore, there is a lack of information about continuous TAP block after ultrasound-guided posterior TAP blocks.The aim of this double-blind randomized study was therefore to investigate the effect of an ultrasound-gui...

Transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter superfamily, is composed of two integral membrane proteins, TAP-1 and TAP-2. Each subunit has a C-terminal nucleotide-binding domain that binds and hydrolyzes ATP to energize peptide translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. A motif comprising the sequence LSGGQ (called the sign...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks anesthetize the lower abdominal wall, and TAP catheters have been used to provide prolonged postoperative analgesia after laparotomy. The use of TAP catheters on an outpatient basis has not yet been described. We present our experience with ultrasound-guided TAP perineural catheter insertion and subsequent management of ambulato...

The present study investigated the effects of increased dietary sodium on the modification of cardiac baroreflex responses induced by acute sodium loading. Changes in blood pressure and heart rate during intravenous phenylephrine and nitroprusside administration were compared using a four-parameter sigmoid logistic function before and after a 30-min infusion of 0.6 or 1.0 M NaCl in conscious ma...

We have used the functionally distinct TAP alleles of the rat in cellular transfectants as tools to investigate how newly formed rat class I (RT1.A) molecules with distinct peptide requirements gain access to suitable peptides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Normal maturation of RT1.Aa depends on the presence in the ER of peptides with C-terminal arginine, while restrictive TAP-B allelic gro...

Background: To observe the skin temperature changes on the blocked area and its response to pinprick testing in ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block (TAP block), and to explore the accurate predictor of the temperature measurement for TAP block success. Methods: A total of 30 patients underwent lower abdominal surgery were enrolled. Bilateral ultrasound-guided TAP blocks were per...

Transparency in transactions can only be achieved through a controlled coordination of the real and cyber worlds. The success of Ubiquitous Commerce Systems (UCS) relies on the convergence of both worlds. The mobile devices are ubiquitous; they can be used anytime and anywhere. This poses a lot of security challenges in a ubiquitous society where business transactions will be involved. With the...