This study discusses the various procedures and issues involved in acquisition of microelectrode recordings (MER) signals subthalamic nucleus stimulations with induced deep brain stimulation electrodes very rigorously. Bellicose-invasive physiological detections through methods sub cortical physio logical detections, electrical micro electrode recordings, stereo-tactic technique, macro-stimulat...

INTRODUCTION This work summarizes current research focused on explaining orientation selectivity of primary visual cortex (V1), and describes the electrophysiological and imaging techniques than are being used. DEVELOPMENT The study of orientation selectivity in V1 is key to understanding the cortical mechanisms implicated in the processing of sensory information, but this enterprise has prov...

A physiological preparation in which it is possible to record responses in muscle to stimulation of single motoneurons of the nematode Ascaris lumbricoides is described. With this preparation we have determined the physiological sign (E or I; excitatory or inhibitory) of the neuromuscular synapses of 21 identified motoneurons--12 are excitatory and 9 inhibitory. Ascaris motoneurons had previous...

Using a range of electrophysiological techniques, it has been possible to demonstrate impaired function in smaller calibre motor fibres and in distal large cutaneous sensory nerve fibres in both alcoholic patients without neuropathy and in those alcoholics with clinical manifestations of peripheral nerve disease. Evidence of more proximal involvement of Ia sensory fibres was obtained, but in th...

Central pattern generators (CPGs) are localized neuronal networks that have the ability to produce rhythmic movements even in the absence of movement-related sensory feedback. They are found in all animals, including man, and serve as informative model systems for understanding how neuronal networks produce behavior. Traditionally, CPGs have been investigated with electrophysiological technique...

We present a novel approach for producing a real-time simulation of the 3D phenomenon of the electrocardiogram. Techniques are borrowed from the fields of computer vision and computer graphics to create a volumetric heart model that can be fine-tuned to illustrate a variety of electrophysiological situations. The activation sequence that occurs in the heart model is choreographed to coincide wi...

Cortical glutamatergic projections are extensively studied in behavioral neuroscience, whereas cortical GABAergic projections to downstream structures have been overlooked. A recent study by Lee and colleagues (Lee AT, Vogt D, Rubenstein JL, Sohal VS. J Neurosci 34: 11519-11525, 2014) used optogenetic and electrophysiological techniques to characterize a behavioral role for long-projecting GABA...

The left and right ventricles of the four-chambered heart have distinct developmental origins and functions. Chamber-specific developmental programming underlies the differential gene expression of ion channel subunits regulating cardiac electrophysiology that persists into adulthood. Here, we discuss regional specific electrical responses to genetic mutations and cardiac stressors, their clini...

cAMP is an important second messenger with a plethora of cellular effects and biological roles. To monitor and visualize cAMP in intact living cells, electrophysiological and fluorescent methods have been developed based on activation of all three types of cAMP effectors: protein kinase A, cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP. In this review, we desc...