Nowadays, the increasing demand for energy in the world is one of the main concerns for energy supply. In fact, the required energy can be obtained by increasing the production rate of fossil fuels such as oil and natural gas. However, improving the efficiency of the equipment and facilities might have a significant impact on production from hydrocarbon resources. With respect to this subject, ...

Increasing worldwide demand for mammalian cell production capacity will likely be partially satisfied by a greater use of higher volumetric productivity perfusion processes. An important additional component of any perfusion system is the cell retention device that can be based on filtration, sedimentation, and/or acoustic technologies. A common concern with these systems is that pumping and tr...

The traditional multi-commodity ow problem assumes a given ow network in which multiple commodities are to be maximally routed in response to given demands. This paper considers the multi-commodity ow network-design problem: given a set of multi-commodity ow demands, nd a network subject to certain constraints such that the commodities can be maximally routed. This paper focuses on the case whe...

Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP) are most important device used to control the pollution by collecting dust particles present on flue gases. In power plants, Coal used in Indian thermal power stations is of inferior grade, at power plant flue gas is often treated with a series of chemical process and scrubbers, having low calorific value (3500-4500)kcal/kg and high ash content due to drift ori...

Given a weighted planar graph, we construct a simple separating cycle C whose interior and exterior both weigh at most 2/3 of the total weight. The cycle C uses k jumps across the faces and ordinary edges with cost O(1=k) of the total edge cost. This theorem is the main component of a PTAS for the weighted TSP problem 4].

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are highly attractive for future generations of portable electronics and electric vehicles due to their high energy density and potentially low cost. In the past decades, various novel electrodes and electrolytes have been tested to improve Li–S battery performance. However, these designs on electrodes and electrolytes have not fully addressed the problem of low ...

A vertex separator of a connected graph G is a set of vertices removing which will result in two or more connected components and a minimum vertex separator is a set which contains the minimum number of such vertices, i.e., the cardinality of this set is least among all possible vertex separator sets. The cardinality of the minimum vertex separator refers to the connectivity of the graph G. A c...

The aim of this randomized clinical study was to investigate the effectiveness of acetaminophen 650 mg or liquefied ibuprofen 400 mg in pain control of orthodontic patients during separation with an elastic separator. A total of 101 patients with specific inclusion criteria were divided randomly into three groups (acetaminophen, liquefied ibuprofen, and placebo). They were instructed to take th...

A highly transient flow regime called riser slugging can develop in pipelines from wellheads to separation tanks which introduces severe oscillations of pressure and flow rates in off-shore processes. Mitigation of the intensity of riser slugging may be achieved via anticipative control actions on valves positioned at the entrance and at gas/oil exits of the separators. In Phase 1, this work is...