Our world today relies heavily on informatics and the internet, as computers communications networks have increased day by day. In fact, increase is not limited to portable devices such smartphones tablets, but also home appliances as: televisions, refrigerators, controllers. It has made them more vulnerable electronic attacks. The denial of service (DoS) attack one most common attacks that aff...

Current-generation constraint programming languages are considered by many, especially in industry, to be too low-level, difficult, and large. We argue that solver-independent, high-level relational constraint modelling leads to a simpler and smaller language, to more concise, intuitive, and analysable models, as well as to more efficient and effective model formulation, maintenance, reformulat...

The simplicity and elegance of the Linda programming model is based on its single, global, typeless tuple space. However, these virtues come at a cost. First, the tuple space can be an impediment to scalable high performance. Second, the \black box" nature of the tuple space makes it an inherently dangerous data structure, prone to many types of programming errors. Blossom is a C++ version of L...

Bestimmung der Genauigkeit der Beobachtungen is the second of the threemajor pieces that Gauss wrote on statistical hypothesis generation. It continues the methodological tradition of eoria Motus, producing estimates by maximizing probability density, however absence of the change-ofvariables theorem causes technical di›culties that compromise its elegance. In eoria Combinationis, Gauss abandon...

Public policy is an art not a science. It gets made under conditions of incomplete information and constricted rationality. It is susceptible to the rhetoric and mythology of politics, to chauvinism and xenophobia, and the invocation of particular demons and poster children. However, to be done properly it must account for technological change and the economic and social implications of change....

Arzelà's Bounded Convergence Theorem (1885) states that if a sequence of Riemann integrable functions on a compact interval is uniformly bounded and has an integrable pointwise limit function, then the sequence of their integrals tends to the integral of the limit. It is a trivial consequence of measure theory; in particular, of the Dominated Convergence Theorem. However, denying oneself the ma...

The formal language of Clifford’s algebras is attracting an increasingly large community of mathematicians, physicists and software developers seduced by the conciseness and the efficiency of this compelling system of mathematics. This contribution will suggest how these concepts can be used to serve the purpose of scientific visualization and more specifically to reveal the general structure o...

Both the bottleneck counting argument 7, 8] and Razborov's approximation method 1, 4, 12] have been used to prove exponential lower bounds for monotone circuits. We show that under the monotone circuit model for every proof by the approximation method, there is a bottleneck counting proof and vice versa. We also illustrate the elegance of the bottleneck counting technique with a simple self-exp...

Quine often argued for a simple, untyped system of logic rather than the typed systems that were championed by Russell and Carnap, among others. He claimed that nothing important would be lost by eliminating sorts, and the result would be additional simplicity and elegance. In support of this claim, Quine conjectured that every many-sorted theory is equivalent to a single-sorted theory. We make...

In the past, few mainstream epistemologists have endorsed Bayesian epistemology, feeling that it fails to capture the complex structure of epistemic cognition. The defenders of Bayesian epistemology have tended to be probability theorists rather than epistemologists, and I have always suspected they were more attracted by its mathematical elegance than its epistemological realism. But recently ...