Mohammad-Karim Pirnia, one of the most prominent scholars of the history of Iranian architecture, has recorded two major achievements: the principles of Iranian architecture and the stylistics of Iranian architecture. In this article we will discuss his suggested principles for Iranian architecture. For this purpose, we will first show how his five principles have evolved and completed th...

paying attention to the lingual analysis of the legal concepts and propositions is one of the most important sections studied in philosophy of law. the nature of the science of law necessitates its intermingling with words; law, contract, verdict, legal authorship, all have to be put into words to be understood and executed. the first stage of understanding a text or a speech – including a lega...

the principles of quran interpretation are amongst the most important issues in the field of quran studies. these principles have always been addressed by both quran researchers, admirers and especially by notable interpreters. principles of interpretation are axioms and basic beliefs that quran interpretation stands on them. these beliefs and propositions affect the very principle of the possi...

there are various ethical approaches in the history of philosophy. beauchamp and childress introduced four basic principles which were acceptable in all communities: beneficence, non-maleficence, respect for autonomy and jus­tice. yusuf khass hajib is the first author of the islamic turkish literature whose work was found out. this study aims to reveal the existence of four principles of bioeth...

Traditional (West) German politics in the postwar era was very easy to understand. There were the Social Democrats (SPD) on the left, the Christian Democrats (CDU/CSU) on the right, and the much less numerous Free Democrats (FDP) in the middle. Typically, neither of the larger parties had an outright majority, so the small FDP effectively decided who could govern by choosing a coalition partner...

The underlying principles of photovoltaic energy conversion are brie&y reviewed, with particular reference to solar application. Although most photovoltaic converters to date have been based on semiconductor p–n junctions, more general structures and materials are feasible. The fundamental requirements for photovoltaic conversion are discussed, as is a generic approach for analysing the limitin...

Coevolutionary algorithms approach problems for which no function for evaluating potential solutions is present or known. Instead, algorithms rely on the aggregation of outcomes from interactions among evolving entities in order to make selection decisions. Given the lack of an explicit yardstick, understanding the dynamics of coevolutionary algorithms, judging whether a given algorithm is prog...

75s). London: Butterworth. THIS is a most refreshing and interesting book to read as a textbook of minor surgery-a subject which can be neglected all too readily. The section under 'General Survey' deals with the subject in considerable detail, and the section under 'Regional Survey' describes the numerous so-called minor conditions seen under various headings, i.e. 'Head', 'Neck', 'The Eye', e...