A mixture of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and chloropicrin (CP) (Telone C35) is an increasingly used fumigant product for pre-plant soil fumigation in California, USA. Atmospheric emissions of volatile organic compounds, including these important pesticides, is more heavily regulated in an effort to improve air-quality. Research has identified various methods of reducing fumigant emissions but e...

multiple sclerosis (ms) is a demyelinating disorder of central nervous system. it involves 8th cranial nerve and its central nuclei and is an uncommon cause of the sensorineural hearing loss. for determining the prevalence of hearing loss (hl) especially retrocochlear type in ms, a cross-sectional study was designed using pure-tone audiometry (pta), otoacustic emissions (oaes), auditory brainst...

Emissions from 377 gas actuated (pneumatic) controllers were measured at natural gas production sites and a small number of oil production sites, throughout the United States. A small subset of the devices (19%), with whole gas emission rates in excess of 6 standard cubic feet per hour (scf/h), accounted for 95% of emissions. More than half of the controllers recorded emissions of 0.001 scf/h o...

The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified diesel exhaust as a carcinogen based on lung cancer evidence; however, few studies have investigated the effect of engine emissions on bladder cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between occupational exposure to diesel and gasoline emissions and bladder cancer in men using data from the Canadian Nati...

Constructed wetlands are increasingly used for water pollution treatment but may also be sources of the greenhouse gas CH(4). The effect of addition of two potential inhibitors of methanogenesis - iron ochre and gypsum - on net CH(4) emissions was investigated in a constructed wetland treating farm runoff in Scotland, UK. CH(4) fluxes from three 15-m(2) wetland plots were measured between Janua...

We construct a strategic trade model of an international duopoly, whereby production by exporting firms generates a local pollutant. Governments use environmental policies, i.e., an emissions standard or a tax, to control pollution and for rent shifting purposes. Contrary to their firm, however, governments are unable to perfectly foresee the actual level of demand, the cost of abatement and th...

An attempt has been made to estimate methane fluxes from a tropical coastal wetland the Vembanad Lake, a lagoon along the West Coast of India. It has been found that Vembanad Lake contributes significant amount of methane to the atmosphere. Average emissions varied spatially within the lake. Methane emissions were 193.2 +/- 24.5 mg m(-2) h(-1) at Kumaragam (fresh water) as compared to 9.3 +/- 9...

Sustainability throughout supply chains is gaining more importance and re-planning inventory operations can help companies curb emissions. In this study, we present two bi-objective integrated continuous review inventory control and transportation models with less-than-truckload and truckload carriers. Solution methods to approximate the Pareto Frontiers are proposed. Numerical studies illustra...

The study develops an analytical model of emissions markets equipped with a safety valve mechanism. It examines the regulator’s control of emission reductions by emitters by setting two policy parameters: emission targets and trigger prices. We show that the capabilities of these two policy tools are greatly affected by uncertainty regarding unconstrained aggregate emissions. We also show that ...

Global climate change is hitherto the most serious environmental problem, and China’s CO2 emissions reductions have been one of the hottest problems discussed in the world. This paper quantifies the impacts of different abatement policies on economy based on a modified MACRO model. The empirical results show that CO2 direct emissions control with the most serious GDP loss is the most effective ...