Objective: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is the complete or almost complete failure of the kidneys to work. This kind of kidney failure is permanent and cannot be fixed. Most cases of ESRD are caused by diabetes or high blood pressure. Now the most effective methods of ESRD treatment are hemodialysis (HD) or kidney transplantation. In China, the pediatric patients with ESRD were increased in d...

p harmacological modulation of the effects of advanced glycosylation end-products (AGEs) in pa tients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) can be approached using three major strategies: ( 1) suppression or prevention offormation, (2) reversal of crosslinks already present on proteins, and (3) inhibition or blockade of the biologic effects of AGEs. This paper will provide a brief review of the l...

Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects over 10% of the global population and is more prevalent in elderly, females, patients with diabetes or hypertension, certain racial minorities. CKD a leading cause mortality, especially stage G5 End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) common patients, predicting mortality even early stages. face higher risk bleeding, 3.5 t...

Gastrointestinal symptoms are among the commonest complaints in the dialysis population. The causes and treatment of many gastrointestinal problems are similar in patients receiving the renal replacement therapy as in the general population. This review focuses on gastrointestinal disorders with special relevance to patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) receiving dialysis with some menti...

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic kidney disease, which is partly explained by the fact that 40-70% of patients receiving dialysis have significant coronary artery disease. Recent clinical studies have shown that lower serum magnesium (Mg) levels are associated with vascular calcification and cardiovascular mortality among patients w...

In China, primary glomerulonephritis is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and patients who require kidney transplantation often with ESRD. Glomerulonephritis primary’s most prevalent subtype Mesangial proliferative (MsPGN). Although cell apoptosis human mesangial cells (HMCs) may be harmful in MsPGN, it plays a major role elimination excessive HMCs reparative glomerular remod...

Bone biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing the type and severity of renal osteodystrophy (ROD) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. In this article we review the indications, techniques, and complications of this minimally invasive procedure. The importance of careful preparation is emphasized.