This study compared the nature of text comprehension as measured by multiple-choice format and open-ended format questions. Participants read a short text while explaining preselected sentences. After reading the text, participants answered open-ended and multiple-choice versions of the same questions based on their memory of the text content. The results indicated that performance on open-ende...

In this paper, we describe our design research on tangible play objects that stimulate social and physical play. We illustrate our work by describing a design case about an open-ended play object for children called the ColorFlare. The ColorFlare is an object that detects the player’s movements and provides light feedback and that can communicate with other ColorFlares. A user test is described...

Biological organisms learn to recognize visual categories continuously over the course of their lifetimes. This impressive capability allows them to adapt to new circumstances as they arise, and to flexibly incorporate new object categories as they are discovered. Inspired by this capability, we seek to create artificial recognition systems that can learn in a similar fashion. We identify a num...

BACKGROUND A simplified optically readable food record (ORFR) was developed and compared with an open-ended weighed record (WR). OBJECTIVE To compare intake of nutrients and foods using a seven-day ORFR with intake estimated using a seven-day WR. The results from each method were validated against 24-h urinary nitrogen excretion and energy intake (EI)/estimated basal metabolic rate (BMR) cut-...

Since Bedau et al. identified the simulation of open-ended evolution in digital life media as one of the key problems in the field of Artificial Life (Bedeau et al., 2000, Artificial Life 6, p.363), no attempt has convincingly solved the problem until this day. Creating open-ended evolution ultimately boils down to creating niches: A new evolutionary feature can only be retained if there is an ...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of needle tip design on the irrigant flow inside a prepared root canal during final irrigation with a syringe using a validated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. METHODS A CFD model was created to simulate the irrigant flow inside a prepared root canal. Six different types of 30-G needles, three open-ended needles and three...

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated using open-ended freestanding TiO₂ nanotube arrays functionalized with Ag nanoparticles (NPs) in the channel to create a plasmonic effect, and then coated with large TiO₂ NPs to create a scattering effect in order to improve energy conversion efficiency. Compared to closed-ended freestanding TiO₂ nanotube array-based DSSCs without Ag or large T...

Assessing student work on realistic, openended problems is challenging when multiple solutions of varying quality can be expected. A balance needs to be sought between school-like and engineering-practice-like feedback and assessment of student work if an instructor wishes to capitalize on the authenticity of a problem. This workshop will work with the ideas of authentic assessment for open-end...

In this paper we describe a study in which we examine how children play with an interactive open-ended play installation. The idea behind open-ended play solutions is that children can create their own game goals and rules. However, what design parameters help children in being able to do this? Challenges include how to get children started with creating games, and develop rules as they play, a...