Chlamydia species infect epithelial cells at mucosal surfaces, and are major causes of sexually transmitted diseases. Infection is characterized by inflammation which is exacerbated upon reinfection, ultimately leading to tissue damage and scarring. Although central for the development of disease manifestations, little is known about the mechanisms that initiate and sustain the inflammatory res...

Methods Participants using either DMPA (n=15) or the LNG iUS (n=19) for at least 3 months and women using no hormonal contraceptives (n=24) were recruited. Endocervical curettage, endocervical cytobrush, and endometrial biopsy were obtained from all women. Expression of T cell activation markers, memory/effector differentiation markers and HIV co receptors were assessed by multiparameter flow c...

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the most common cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide, but current data concerning the prevalence of CT among women in Iran is scarce. Data regarding the frequency of CT infection among Iranian women can help to justify the implementation of a national CT screening program that can reduce the high morbidity associated with sequelae of CT...

OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) infection among Saudi women, its clinical presentation, and its association to infertility. METHODS This study was conducted between October 2012 and July 2013 at King Khalid University Hospital and King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Female patients aged between 19 and 46 years o...

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the most common cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide, but current data concerning the prevalence of CT among women in Iran is scarce. Data regarding the frequency of CT infection among Iranian women can help to justify the implementation of a national CT screening program that can reduce the high morbidity associated with sequelae of CT...

BACKGROUND Mycoplasma infections are suggested as etiology of adverse pregnancy outcomes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) infection and spontaneous abortion among pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case-control study that was conducted from August 2012 to January 2013, totally, 109 women were included with spontan...

BACKGROUND There has been no population-based study on human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence or its genotypes in Bangladesh; a country eligible for GAVI funding for HPV vaccine. METHODS We used baseline survey data of a prospective cohort study that was conducted in one urban and one rural area of Bangladesh. A total of 997 urban and 905 rural married women, aged 13 to 64 years, were enrolled...

BACKGROUND Gonorrhoeae, a sexually transmitted disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhea for which humans are the only natural host. The causative organism is highly adapted to the genital tract and often causing asymptomatic and undetected infection in females in which Acquisition of gonococcal infection late in pregnancy can adversely affect labor and delivery as well as the well-being of the fet...

PURPOSE The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of Chlamydia trachomatis (C.t.) infection among women who experienced a miscarriage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients referred to the Centre for STD Research and Diagnostics in Bialystok from the Department of Perinatology and from gynaecological outpatient clinics, after spontaneous abortion were enrolled in the study. C.t. infection d...