Background  Injury to the cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) during endoscopic skull base surgery is a well-recognized rare complication that can be associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Many techniques have been suggested to manage ICA injury with varying degrees of success. Objectives  We provide a detailed technical description of an operative technique f...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Recent advances in surgical techniques have rendered the craniocervical junction (CCJ) accessible transnasally. Endoscopic endonasal transclival and transodontoid approaches are routinely performed in leading skull base centers. Usually, these approaches involve a posterior bony and mucosal septectomy, which may compromise the vascularized pedicled nasoseptal flap (PNSF), ...

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is a devastating complication after transsphenoidal surgical approach to pituitary adenoma and sellar repair has been postulated as crucial step in this approach. In this study, we describe our experience regarding sellar repair in pure endoscopic endonasal approach in 240 patients with pituitary adenoma. Methods: During April 2005 to April 2011, a tot...

OBJECTIVE The anterior skull base, in front of the sphenoid sinus, can be approached using a variety of techniques including extended subfrontal, transfacial, and craniofacial approaches. These methods include risks of brain retraction, contusion, cerebrospinal fluid leak, meningitis, and cosmetic deformity. An alternate and more direct approach is the endonasal, transethmoidal, transcribriform...

endoscopic anatomy of the third ventricle microsurgical wolfgang seeger microsurgical and endoscopic approaches in endoscopic anatomy of the third ventricle microsurgical endoscopic anatomy of the third ventricle microsurgical extended endoscopic endonasal approach to the third practical anatomy slu endoscopic anatomy of the fourth ventricle thejns arq bras neurocir 31(1): 3-9, 2012 approaches ...