1 PART 1: Multiple Choice Questions: 1) A study was conducted to compare five different training programs for improving endurance. Forty subjects were randomly divided into five groups of eight subjects in each group. A different training program was assigned to each group. After 2 months, the improvement in endurance was recorded for each subject. A one-way ANOVA is used to compare the five tr...

Purpose: Mechanical loading of the musculo-skeletal system plays an important role in the adaptation of muscle performance and bone mass. In contrast to the interference eff ect between peak power and endurance training on the adaptive response of muscle tissue, in bone tissue, such interaction between training modalities may not exist and combined peak power training and endurance training may...

PURPOSE To investigate the magnitude and the time course of changes in endurance capacity during the first year of an aerobic endurance training program with constant HR prescription. METHODS Eighteen previously untrained subjects (7 males and 11 females, 42 +/- 5 yr, BMI of 24.3 +/- 2.5 kg x m(-2), and maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) of 37.7 +/- 4.6 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1)) completed a 12-mon...

BACKGROUND Economy, velocity/power at maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) and endurance-specific muscle power tests (i.e. maximal anaerobic running velocity; vMART), are now thought to be the best performance predictors in elite endurance athletes. In addition to cardiovascular function, these key performance indicators are believed to be partly dictated by the neuromuscular system. One...

This study aimed to investigate the effects of two deep water training programs on cardiorespiratory and muscular strength responses in older adults. Thirty-four older adults men were placed into two groups: deep water endurance training (ET; n = 16; 66 ± 4 years) and deep water strength prior to endurance training (concurrent training: CT; n = 18; 64 ± 4 years). The training period lasted 12 w...

Endurance training has been associated with increased orthostatic intolerance. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that endurance training reduces renal vasoconstriction to orthostatic stress. Blood pressure, heart rate, and renal blood flow velocity were measured during a 25-min 60 degrees head-up tilt (HUT) test before and after 8 wk of endurance training in eight heal...

This study compared the effects of different weekly training frequencies on the cardiovascular and neuromuscular adaptations induced by concurrent training in previously trained elderly. After 20weeks of combined strength and endurance training, twenty-four healthy elderly men (65±4 years) were randomly placed into two frequency training groups: strength and endurance training performed twice a...

background and aim: nesfatin-1 is a newly discovered anti-appetite protein which is expressed in adipose tissue and appears in plasma. it has a significant role in energy homeostasis and metabolism. the aim of this study was to assess the effects of an 8-week endurance and resistance training on the plasma level of nesfatin-1, cardiorespiratory endurance, and body composition of overweight and ...

BACKGROUND It is unclear whether, and to what extent, the striking cardiac morphological manifestations of endurance athletes are a result of exercise training or a genetically determined characteristic of talented athletes. We hypothesized that prolonged and intensive endurance training in previously sedentary healthy young individuals could induce cardiac remodeling similar to that observed c...