The energy cost of running (Cr) is classically determined from steady-state oxygen consumption (Vo2) at constant speed, divided by running speed. In the present study, Cr was determined during incremental treadmill tests in the course of the assessment of Vo(2max) and related parameters as follows. Assume that the running speed is increased by a constant amount (Deltav) at regular short interva...

The costs of walking (Cw) and running (Cr) were measured on 10 runners on a treadmill inclined between -0.45 to +0.45 at different speeds. The minimum Cw was 1.64 +/- 0.50 J. kg(-1). m(-1) at a 1.0 +/- 0.3 m/s speed on the level. It increased on positive slopes, attained 17.33 +/- 1.11 J. kg(-1). m(-1) at +0.45, and was reduced to 0.81 +/- 0.37 J. kg(-1). m(-1) at -0.10. At steeper slopes, it i...

load management and cost optimization are among the important factors in trigenerationsystems and combined cooling, heating and power (cchp) systems. in this study, an innovative cchpsystem uses a gas turbine as the prime mover and has a heat recovery steam generator (hrsg) in addition toan auxiliary boiler, electric and absorption chillers. the system is tied with the bulk electric grid; to ex...

today, one of the biggest problems that gripped the banking sphere, the high cost of implementing advanced technologies and the efficient use of the hardware. cloud computing is the use of shared services on the internet provides a large role in developing the banking system, without the need for operating expenses including staffing, equipment, hardware and software reducing the cost of implem...

The energy cost of running (E run), a key determinant of distance running performance, is influenced by several factors. Although it is important to express E run as energy cost, no study has used this approach to compare similarly trained men and women. Furthermore, the relationship between Achilles tendon (AT) stiffness and E run has not been compared between men and women. Therefore, our pur...

The small size and elongate shape of weasels (Mustela nivalis) probably evolved to facilitate movement within the burrow systems of prey species, but result in high energy costs of thermoregulation. In this study we measured metabolic rates of weasels during voluntary locomotion to determine whether energy costs of transport are also high in these unusually shaped mammals. In addition, we measu...

Effective parameters that can effect on the performance of the separation system consist of operating pressure, operating temperature, reflux ratio, and kind of produce desirable products and different sequences of splits. As take a separation system with optimal performance is dependent on optimization of above mentioned effective parameters. In generally, there are two criteria (as object fun...

This study determined whether a 6-week regimen of plyometric training would improve running economy (i.e., the oxygen cost of submaximal running). Eighteen regular but not highly trained distance runners (age = 29 +/- 7 [mean +/- SD] years) were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. All subjects continued regular running training for 6 weeks; experimental subjects also did plyom...

a hybrid hydro/wind/photovoltaic base on hydrogen storage system is designed to supply power demand of pump stations. the aim of this design is minimization of net present cost of the hybrid system. optimization problem is subject to reliable supply of the demand. the system is investigated in the north west of iran (meshkinshahr) and the local data is applied. about 12 pump stations are found ...