identification of the factors causing change in policy process plays an important role in implementing healthy policy process. narrative policy framework introduces new concepts and tools to identify the factors causing policy change. one of the important variables in narrative policy framework is narrative structure. narrative structure has so many elements which the main one is plot. plot lin...

This paper aims to investigate the direction of causality between economic growth, energy consumption and trade openness in case of Iran for the period 1967–2012. We apply the newly developed combined cointegration test proposed by Bayer and Hanck (2013). Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) is applied to determine the direction of causality between these three variables. The result of Bayer-Ha...

As energy models become more and powerful, they are increasingly used to support policymaking. Although modelling has been for policy advice many years, there is little knowledge about how computer-based actually influence policymaking, what extent policymakers the process. Here, we empirically investigate (i) whether, when policymaking process, (ii) design, use results of modelling. We analyse...

Energy drinks have become a popular beverage worldwide. This review was carried out to have an overview among adolescents and emerging adults in the Gulf Co-operation Council states about energy drinks consumption rates and other related issues such as starting age and patterns of energy drink consumption. The Medline and Embase databases were searched separately using different terms such as e...

The California electricity crisis: causes and policy options / Christopher Weare. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. Research publications reflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the staff, officers, or Board of Directors of the Public Policy Institute of California. Short sections of text, not to exceed three paragraphs, may be quoted without writt...