A central methodological problem in programming with multiple levels of abstractions is the loosely defined problem of rep exposure. This paper traces the problem of rep exposure to the precisely defined notion of abstract aliasing. The paper also outlines a statically-enforceable discipline for avoiding abstract aliasing, but the outline is incomplete.

They were responding to the unions’ attempt to relieve pressure cooker working conditions for a thin and increasingly ageing nursing population. Veteran trade union, Solidarity, and the Democratic Nursing Organisation of South Africa (Denosa) are punting flexible but legally enforceable nurse/patient ratios to reduce ‘burnout’ resignations, to reverse nurse emigration trends and to boost traini...

For each outcome (i.e. a payoff vector augmented with a coalition structure) of a TU-game with a non-empty coalition structure core there exists a finite sequence of successively dominating outcomes that terminates in the coalition structure core. In order to obtain this result a restrictive dominance relation which we call enforceable dominance is employed.

This paper, in exploring both the debate and practice of advocacy, uses the National Health and Disability Advocacy Service in New Zealand to describe a successful model of advocacy that is based on the concept of empowerment practiced in an independent environment and strengthened by an enforceable framework of consumer rights.

Several organizations have safety guidelines regarding handling of hazardous drugs. That said, only Washington and California have enforceable laws that regulate these practices. This article shares the experiences of three states-Washington, Michigan, and North Carolina-in advancing legislative and regulatory efforts. It also offers guidance to nurses seeking to improve the way hazardous drugs...

To Be a Woman is short campaigning film made in 1950–1 by documentary film-maker Jill Craigie. This article offers an account of the which aims to recover affective life both text and archival correspondence between Craigie General Secretary National Union Women Teachers, refers its production history. The analyses ‘feeling tones’ letters that describe Craigie's attempts get her difficulties di...