Intestinal motility disorders are an important problem in horses and donkeys and this study was carried out in order to evaluate the enteric neurons in animals with and without intestinal disease. Surplus intestinal tissue samples were collected from 28 horses undergoing exploratory laparotomy for colic. In addition, surplus intestinal samples from 17 control horses were collected immediately f...

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary Calcium imaging is a technique for intracellular calcium measurement , and it is im...

Damage to the enteric nervous system (ENS) associated with intestinal inflammation may underlie persistent alterations to gut functions, suggesting that enteric neurons are viable targets for novel therapies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer therapeutic benefits for attenuation of neurodegenerative diseases by homing to areas of inflammation and exhibiting neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory,...

Gastrointestinal (GI) motility function and its regulation is a complex process involving collaboration and communication of multiple cell types such as enteric neurons, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), and smooth muscle cells. Recent advances in GI research made a better understanding of ICC function and their role in the GI tract, and studies based on different types of techniques have show...

conclusions regarding the natural therapeutic effects of pistachio skin extract and obligations of the routine antibiotics such as resistancy, using pistachio extract as a co-therapeutical agent with ordinary antibiotics can enhance the success rate of the treatment. background in spite of many advantages of modern medicine in comparison with traditional treatments, chemical therapeutic agents ...

BACKGROUND Ageing is associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction, which can have a major impact on quality of life of the elderly. A number of changes in the innervation of the gut during ageing have been reported, including neuronal loss and degenerative changes. Evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are elevated in ageing enteric neurons, but that neurotrophic factors may red...

Large quantities of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) are synthesized in the gut, in enterochromaffin (EC) cells of the mucosa (via tryptophan hydroxylase-1) and in a small proportion in enteric neurons (via tryptophan hydroxylase-2). It has been well established that 5-HT can be released from the mucosa by mechanical stimulation, including contractile activity of the gut and compression of the gut wa...

OBJECTIVE Intestinal barrier function is vital for homeostasis. Conditions where the mucosal barrier is compromised lead to increased plasma content of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS acts on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and initiates cellular inflammatory responses. TLR4 receptors have been identified on enteric neurons and LPS exposure causes neuronal loss, counteracted by vasoactive intestinal ...

background: the main goal was to address the prevalence of enteric protozoan parasites in rural areas of bandar- abbas, southern iran and to compare the results with the only conducted study in 1978. methods: this descriptive study was performed from 2009 through 2010 on the 565 fecal samples. formalin-ether concentration technique was performed and the analysis was carried out using chi-square...

In the present study, tryptamine produced a slow hyperpolarization in a few neurons other than a slow depolarization in myenteric neurons of the isolated guinea-pig ileum. Neither the adrenergic neuron blocker, guanethidine nor the 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitor, zimelidine, which can inhibit the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine from enteric neurites induced by tryptamine (M. Takaki et al. ...