A heroin epidemic mathematical model with prevention information and treatment, as control interventions, is analysed, assuming that an individual's behavioural response depends on the spreading of about effects heroin. Such creates awareness, which helps individuals to participate in preventive education self-protective schemes additional efforts. We prove basic reproduction number threshold l...

In this paper, we propose a class of discrete SIR epidemic models which are derived from SIR epidemic models with distributed delays by using a variation of the backward Euler method. Applying a Lyapunov functional technique, it is shown that the global dynamics of each discrete SIR epidemic model are fully determined by a single threshold parameter and the effect of discrete time delays are ha...

This paper is a survey paper on stochastic epidemic models. A simple stochastic epidemic model is defined and exact and asymptotic (relying on a large community) properties are presented. The purpose of modelling is illustrated by studying effects of vaccination and also in terms of inference procedures for important parameters, such as the basic reproduction number and the critical vaccination...

Serfling-type periodic regression models have been widely used to identify and analyse epidemic of influenza. In these approaches, the baseline is traditionally determined using cleaned historical non-epidemic data. However, we found that the previous exclusion of epidemic seasons was empirical, since year-year variations in the seasonal pattern of activity had been ignored. Therefore, excludin...

According to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), expected return and risk of security are related. Since January 2020, due COVID-19, numerous businesses failed adjust new reality grew dangerous unpredictable for their investors. The goal this research is assess how pandemic might impact asset pricing company betas. This study has utilized empirical data regression analysis measure beta CAPM...