Globally, Cryptosporidium infection continues to be a significant health problem where it is recognized as an important cause of diarrhoea in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent people. In developing countries persistent diarrhoea is the leading cause of death in children younger than five years of age, where it accounts for 30 to 50 percent of those deaths. Encouragingly an increasing n...

Introduction The amount of pathophysiological impairment in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is variable and applying the same ventilator regimen to every patient is questionable. Monitoring of respiratory mechanics for the lung and chest wall allows an individualization of ventilator settings with a potential benefit for the patient. A registry with a large sample size ...

Variability between workers is reflected in differences in uptake, metabolism, and excretion of toxic substances, and thus individual response to toxic hazards. It is argued that biological monitoring takes account of these differences enabling individual risk assessments to be made. Risk, however, must be seen in terms of clinical and pathological changes-that is, estimated from morbidity and ...

The infection by the BK Polyomavirus (BKV) is an emerging problem in kidney transplants that contributes to a chronic loss of kidney grafts, and in which immunosuppression plays a decisive role. Understanding its risk factors and strictly monitoring urine and serological markers of the infection could mitigate the undesirable effects of this disease. In this review, we investigate the clinical ...

HIV-1 is remarkable for the diversity of strains comprising the HIV/AIDS pandemic. In the last decade, classification of viral variants as groups, subtypes, and circulating recombinant forms (CRF) and the observation of specific mutational patterns have become powerful tools for studying viral molecular dynamics. Monitoring the worldwide distribution of HIV-1 diversity has been used in both epi...

Nosocomial infections due to Klebsiella pneumoniae is a significant problem in health care settings worldwide. In this study, we examined the antimicrobial susceptibility, genetic profiles and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in K. pneumoniae isolates of Indian origin. To our knowledge this is the first report demonstrating the high prevalence of β-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzyme...

Purpose: A progressive decrease in androgen production is common in males after middle age. The resulting clinical picture has been erroneously named male menopause or andropause. A more appropriate designation is androgen decline in the aging male (ADAM). The syndrome is characterized by alterations in the physical and intellectual domains that correlate with and can be corrected by manipulati...

for humanitarian reasons in the first place, but perhaps also because of their theoretical potential to reduce infectiousness at the population level, making sex workers and other high-risk communities a priority for antiretroviral treatment access on epidemiological grounds. In this time of global financial and economic crisis, one of the strongest messages coming out of Avahan is that not foc...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the single most deadly microorganism worldwide. A third of the world population is thought to have latent tuberculosis and approximately 2 million people die of the disease each year. Short and closely supervised treatment regimens are needed, but it is also essential to develop new strategies to ensure prompt diagnosis of the disease. In particular, cheap methods ...