PURPOSE There is increasing evidence that cancer stem cells contribute to tumor progression and chemoresistance in a variety of malignancies, including brain tumors, leukemias, and breast carcinomas. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that retinoblastomas contain subpopulations of cells that exhibit cancer stem cell properties. METHODS The following sources of retinoblastoma cells and ti...

PURPOSE To investigate the link between microsatellite instability and epigenetic silencing of the MLH1 gene in the human retinoblastoma genome. METHODS Methylation at the 5' region of MLH1 was studied, along with its protein expression level by using immunohistochemical staining in 51 retinoblastoma tumors and 2 retinoblastoma cell lines. Also assessed was the genomic stability of 26 retinob...

Retinoblastoma is one of the most common ocular malignancies in children under the age of six. Occasionally, retinoblastoma metastasizes to extraocular organs including the bone, lung and brain. Left untreated, retinoblastoma is fatal. At present, there is no effective treatment for metastatic retinoblastoma. We investigated the antineoplastic act...

BACKGROUND: Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common childhood eye cancer. Chemotherapeutic drugs such as etoposide used in RB treatment often cause massive side effects and acquired drug resistances. Dysregulated genes miRNAs have a large impact on cancer progression development of chemotherapy OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate involvement retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) chem...

Case presentation: Patient was the first child of non-consanguineous parents whose father healthy, but mother had mild intellectual deficiency and spastic paraparethic gait that been attributed to cerebral palsy. At birth he presented congenital talipes equinovarus. He began crawl at 1yo never able walk independently despite orthopedic feet correction. 1yo, leukocoria in left eye noticed. Bilat...

herein, we report the clinical, pathologic and photographic findings of a 16 year-old girl who presented with gradual enlargement of a vascularized, hemorrhagic peripapillary mass that eventually led to vitreous hemorrhage and rubeosis iridis. histopathological findings after enucleation were positive for retinoblastoma. the patient did not have any metastasis during her 20 months of follow up.

The retinoblastoma is the most frequent malign tumor of the children, starting with the maximum frequency between the ages of one to three years. It is part of the categories of rare diseases, whose frequency is estimated at 1:15.000-1:20.000 newborn babies. It is a tumor of the neuroblast-type placed at the retina level. The retinoblastoma can be unifocal, when a single tumor is present, or mu...