According to pragmatic linguistic analyses, language has to be analyzed and interpreted in relation to the social context which generates and uses it. Language is not to be considered an isolated system of either symbols or mental rules, but a system used in a specific setting and for specific communicative purposes. It is within this pragmatic paradigm that English for Specific Purposes (ESP) ...

with regard to the relationship between the use of modality and readability levels oftexts, 2 opposing views have been raised. the first view endorses direct positiverelationship between modality and readability in the sense that the use of modalityincreases textual understandability. the second view is that the use of modality leadsto an increase in the number of words, resulting in readabilit...

Avicenna’s discussion of future contingent propositions is sometimes considered to entail metaphysical indeterminism. In this paper, I argue that his logical analysis statements best understood in terms the epistemic modality those statements, which has no consequences for modal metaphysics. This interpretation corroborated by hitherto neglected material concerning question God’s knowledge part...

one of the most controversial problems in western epistemology is the division of propositions into analytic and synthetic. this division drew the attention of many proponents and opponents and faced many objections. one the most important objections which if valid enough, can destroy the basis of this division and resulting epistemological consequences is the of relativity of both analytic as ...

We propose a model for knowledge attribution and epistemic evaluation in scientific discourse, consisting of three dimensions with different values: source (author, other, unknown); value (unknown, possible, probable, presumed true) and basis (reasoning, data, other). Based on a literature review, we investigate four linguistic features that mark different types epistemic evaluation (modal auxi...

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