A strong spatio-temporal variation of the wet component in the troposphere leaves us in a peculiar predicament. The residual tropospheric delay will remain in the measurements and therefore affect the estimation of related parameters. In the areas of hot and wet climate conditions, especially in the equatorial or low latitude regions, the strong tropospheric effect on GPS measurements is unques...

Unexpected daytime F-region irregularities following the appearance of an ionospheric hole have been observed over low latitude. The irregularities developed initially above the F-region peak height (~ 360 km) with a thickness of about 30 km and an east-west extension of more than 200 km around 1057 LT and then expanded upward to 500 km altitude behaving like the equatorial spread-F (ESF) irreg...

A fixed-bias spherical Langmuir probe is included as part of the Vector Electric Field Instrument (VEFI) suite on the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System (C/NOFS) satellite. C/NOFS gathers data in the equatorial ionosphere between 400 and 860 km, where the primary constituent ions are H(+) and O(+). The ion current collected by the probe surface per unit plasma density is found to b...

Ionospheric two-stream waves and gradient-drift waves nonlinearly drive a large-scale (D.C.) current in the E-region ionosphere. This current flows parallel to, and with a comparable magnitude to, the fundamental Pedersen current. Evidence for the existence and magnitude of wave-driven currents derives from a theoretical understanding of E region waves, supported by a series of nonlinear 2-D si...

[1] We present the Radio Occultation Scintillation Simulator (ROSS), which uses the multiple phase screen method (MPS) to simulate the forward scatter of radio waves by irregularities in the equatorial ionosphere during radio occultation experiments. ROSS simulates propagation through equatorial plasma bubbles which are modeled as homogeneous electron density fluctuations modulated by a Chapman...

Ionospheric slab thickness is defined as the ratio of TEC to maximum electron density of the F-region (NmF2), proportional to the square of the F2-layer critical frequency (foF2). It is an important parameter in that it is linearly correlated with scale height of the ionosphere, which is related to electron density profile. It also reflects variation of the neutral temperature. Therefore, ionos...

[1] Using numerical magnetohydrodynamic simulations, we examine the dipole tilt effects on the magnetosphere‐ionosphere convection system when the interplanetary magnetic field is oblique northward (BY = 4 nT and BZ = 2 nT). In particular, we clarify the relationship between viscous‐driven convection and reconnection‐driven convection. The azimuthal locations of the two viscous cell centers in ...

The assumption of spherical uniformity while the retrieval electron density profiles from Global Navigation Satellite Systems-Radio Occultation (GNSS-RO) observations is often violated and introduces significant errors in retrieved profile data. This paper presents an improved Abel-inversion technique by incorporating horizontal gradients ionosphere, which are routinely derived Artificial Neura...

Abstract. The Low Orbit Pearl Satellite series consists of six constellations, with each constellation consisting three identical microsatellites that line up just like a string pearls. first satellites were launched on 29 September 2017, an inclination ? 35.5? and 600 km altitude. Each satellite is equipped fluxgate magnetometers measure the in situ magnetic field its low-frequency fluctuation...

The low latitude ionosphere poses a challenge to both GPS users and Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) providers. Single and dual frequency GPS receivers used in low-latitude regions can suffer from rapid amplitude and phase fluctuations known as scintillation. Scintillation occurs when the GPS or SBAS satellite signal travels through small-scale irregularities in electron density in th...