Singularities of thermodynamic quantities in equilibrium critical phenomena are characterized by well defined critical exponents. The set of critical exponents determine the universality class of a system in the thermodynamic limit. In numerical simulations, the results are very often limited by the finite system size L. There is rounding and shifting of critical singularities in finite systems...

We present a simplified version of an average-atom collisional-radiative model employing both local-thermodynamic-equilibrium and isolated-ion atomic data. The simplifications introduced do not lead to any substantial errors, they significantly speed up calculations compared with the basic involving direct solution self-consistent-field equations. Average ion charges, charge state distributions...

The thermodynamic interaction of a free Fermion system is alternatively described by the coupling of particles with the vacuum of a scalar pseudo boson which features a self-interaction. The proper temperature is shown as a Lorentz scalar in a Lorentz invariant framework. At thermodynamic equilibrium, the Lorentz transformation of temperature is investigated based on the conceptions of the rela...

The prepared magnetic-modified Fe3 O4 nanoparticles (Fe3 O4 -TAN) were used as adsorbent for removal of crystal violet (CV) from water solution. The effects of pH, contact time, dye concentration and temperature on adsorption were determined. The experimental data were analyzed using the Langmuir adsorption model. The data fitted well to the model with maximum adsorption capacities 84.0 mg/gund...

We present a study of the thermodynamics massless free Dirac field at equilibrium with axial charge, angular momentum and external electromagnetic to assess interplay between chirality, vorticity in relativistic fluids. After discussing general features global thermodynamic quantum statistical mechanics, we calculate thermal expectation values. Axial imbalance are included non-perturbatively by...

The occurrence of contaminants in wastewaters, and their behavior during wastewater treatment and production of drinking water are key issues to re-use water resources. The present research aims to remove caffeine from aqueous solutions via adsorption technique, using Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) as an adsorbent under different experimental conditions. The processing variables such as p...