Trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb) concentrations in benthic sediments were analyzed through multi-step fractionation scheme to assess the levels and sources of contamination in estuarine, riverine and freshwater ecosystems in Niger Delta (Nigeria). The degree of contamination was assessed using the individual contamination factors (ICF) and global contamination factor (GCF). Multivariate sta...

Intra-ovum infection of artificialy contaminated salmonid (rainbow trout or amago salmon) eggs was studied using three fish pathogens (Flavobacterium psychrophilum, Renibacterium salmoninarum and Aeromonas salmonicida). Artificial contamination was performed using egg-surface contamination or immersion-water contamination. For F. psychrophilum and R. salmoninarum, infection occurred by the entr...

In a continuing effort to develop inexpensive source tracking methods to detect human fecal contamination in environmental waters, we combined targeted sampling with fluorometry. Targeted sampling works by identifying hotspots of fecal contamination through multiple samplings over everdecreasing distances. Fluorometry identifies human fecal contamination by detecting optical brighteners, primar...

a bstract background: health professionals and their medical equipment have long been known to act as vectors of infectious diseases.the aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of pens used by nursing students working in clinics in relation to transmission of bacteria. materials and methods: the study was conducted in sakarya university school of health sciences in march 2012, with th...

vegetable oils and fats have a big contribution in our diet as cooking or frying oil, salad oil or in food products formulation. they are important from nutritional and economical point of views. their authenticity is a serious issue since old time. some edible oils and fats such as olive oil, cocoa butter and milk fat are so expensive which makes tempting to adulterate them with other lower pr...

contamination with radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine centers in addition to being a health concern requires time-consuming decontamination efforts. according to nrc (nuclear regulatory commission) contamination should be monitored in nuclear medicine centers where radiopharmaceuticals are prepared and administrated at the end of each working session; otherwise, contamination spread to ot...

agricultural advancement and population growth have prompted increases in food supplies, and higher crop yields have been made possible through the application of fertilizers. large quantities of livestock and poultry on farms, along with the accumulation of biomass and agricultural residues, can cause contamination of ground water resources and other water sanitation concerns in both developin...

there is possibility of microbial contamination of any single-dose vials (sdvs), multiple-dose vials (mdvs) and admixtures (adxs) during the preparation and injection to the patients that could be resulted in bloodstream infection. the goal of this study was to investigate the microbial contamination of mdvs and sdvs after multiple use and adxs prepared by nursing staff in the treatment room ve...

OBJECTIVES To compare the contamination level of physicians' hands and stethoscopes and to explore the risk of cross-transmission of microorganisms through the use of stethoscopes. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a structured prospective study between January 1, 2009, and May 31, 2009, involving 83 inpatients at a Swiss university teaching hospital. After a standardized physical examination...

AIM To investigate cross contamination of blood cultures associated with multiple use venting devices, which are widely used in clinical microbiology laboratories to reduce labour costs. METHODS Systematic analysis of 13,880 blood culture results in a large teaching hospital where multiple use venting devices were employed. RESULTS Nine series of potential cross contamination were identifie...