This paper proposes a flexible CELP speech coder with bitrate and bandwidth scalabilities for multimedia applications. The coder is based on multi-pulse-based CELP coding and consists of a bitrate scalable base-band coder and a bandwidth extension tool. The bitrate scalable base-band CELP coder employs multi-stage excitation coding based on an embedded-coding approach. The multipulse excitation...

A full-brother method was used to develop conversion equations that predict US Holstein ETA for milk, fat, and protein yields from French EBV. Regression coefficients were ratios of genetic standard deviations of sires for the two populations adjusted for the genetic correlation between countries. Based on data from full brothers, the regression coefficients were used to determine the base diff...

BACKGROUND Proper attachment of chromosomes to microtubules is crucial for the accurate segregation of chromosomes. Human chromosomes attach initially to lateral walls of microtubules. Subsequently, attachments to lateral walls disappear and attachments to microtubule ends (end-on attachments) predominate. While it is known in yeasts that lateral to end-on conversion of attachments occurs throu...

This paper compares methods for converting system limits into market signals. One classification of methods is according to reliability driven (TLR and similar) versus market driven (LMP and similar) methods. A second classification is according to direct versus indirect methods. Direct methods deal with individual limits and constraints. Indirect methods include various ways of converting one ...

We demonstrate nearly 30% power conversion efficiency in ultra-thin (~200 nm) gallium arsenide photonic crystal solar cells by numerical solution of the coupled electromagnetic Maxwell and semiconductor drift-diffusion equations. Our architecture enables wave-interference-induced solar light trapping in the wavelength range from 300-865 nm, leading to absorption of almost 90% of incoming sunlig...

In its recent recommendations the ICRP adopted two voxel models of an adult male and an adult female to be used for the forthcoming update of organ dose conversion coefficients. These voxel models are representative of an average population, i.e. they resemble the ICRP reference anatomical data with respect to their external dimensions and their organ masses and were constructed for this purpos...

Accurate measurement of workplace respirable dust concentration is an essential step in eliminating lung disease in any occupational setting. In the United States (U.S.) coal mining industry, this measurement process has relied upon a personal sampler that includes a 10 mm Dorr-Oliver (DO) nylon cyclone operated at a flow rate of 2.0 L min-1 to collect a respirable dust sample. Dust concentrati...

In this work, the performance of a 640 512 long-wavelength resonant quantum well infrared photodetector (R-QWIP) focal plane array (FPA) was evaluated as a function of operating temperature, bias, and photon flux using an F/2.2 optic. From these FPA measurements an assessment of the dark current, noise, conversion efficiency and noise-equivalent temperature difference is provided herein. Histog...

The optical conversion of incoherent solar radiation into a bright, coherent laser beam enables the application of nonlinear optics to solar energy conversion and storage. Here, we present an architecture for solar pumped lasers that uses a luminescent solar concentrator to decouple the conventional trade-off between solar absorption efficiency and the mode volume of the optical gain material. ...

This paper proposes a new approach to detect rotated objects at distinct angles using the Viola-Jones detector. The use of additional Integral Images makes an approximation the Haar-like features for any given angle. The proposed approach uses different types of Haar-like features, including features that compute areas at 45o, 26.5o and 63.5o of rotation. Given a trained classifier (using norma...