writing sacred words of a text in the header or along the right margins of documents is of a long tradition in documentation of the iranian islamic period. the present article deals with the time of origin, developmental process, type of words and the name of this tradition. included among other issues covered in this study are the non-iranian origins and the iranian-islamic influence over the ...

Islam spread rapidly after its founding, encompassing much of North Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. The art of this vast region draws its distinctive character both from Islam itself and from the diverse cultural traditions of the world’s Muslims. Because Islam discouraged the use of figurative images, particularly in religious contexts- unlike Christian art- Islamic artists develo...

For the first time Willem Floor in his interesting and worthy reading work, Public health in Qajar Iran, has correctly considered the general concept of medicine» in Iran derived from three sources: Galenic medicine, religious medicine and traditional medicine. According to Floor, (which later studies also confirm it), the Islamic period medical knowledge in Iran,&nbsp...

 ABSTRACT Background: The incidence of early wound related complications is assessed in laparoscopic versus open abdominal surgeries. Complications of surgical wounds (esp. wound infections) are considered as a major problem in surgery wards. Complications of surgical wounds are classified as early and late. Common and early complications are hematoma, seroma and wound infection. Methods: The m...

Introduction During the course of archaeological research completed in the area of Bilad al-Qadim in the northeast of Bahrain in 2001, trial excavations and survey were undertaken at the spring of Abu Zaydan (N26 12¢ 24.5¢¢ E050 32¢ 50.7¢¢). The focus of this research project was to investigate the Islamic period on Bahrain, hence the remains recorded at Abu Zaydan were unexpected, comprising a...

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