Signatures of mass-independent isotope fractionation (MIF) are found in the oxygen ((16)O,(17)O,(18)O) and sulfur ((32)S, (33)S, (34)S, (36)S) isotope systems and serve as important tracers of past and present atmospheric processes. These unique isotope signatures signify the breakdown of the traditional theory of isotope fractionation, but the physical chemistry of these isotope effects remain...

Over the past 10 years, the Chinese State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) has actively investigated the potent to use emission trading to reduce sulphur dioxide (SO2 ) emissions from electricity generators and industrial sources. In 1999, SEPA partnered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) to cooperate on a study to assess the feasibility of implementing SO2 e...

A simple and rapid procedure for SO2 determination in air was developed by using a flow injection analysis (FIA) system coupled with a 3-hole chromatomembrane cell (CMC). The CMC was applied for the on-line collection/concentration of SO2 from air into a solution of 2 g l(-1) triethanolamine (TEA) solution as an absorbing solution: SO2 was converted to SO3(2-) in the alkaline absorbing solution...

[1] We describe a new algorithm to retrieve SO2 from satellite-measured hyperspectral radiances. We employ the principal component analysis technique in regions with no significant SO2 to capture radiance variability caused by both physical processes (e.g., Rayleigh and Raman scattering and ozone absorption) and measurement artifacts. We use the resulting principal components and SO2 Jacobians ...

The present studies deals with the adsorption of SO2 by manganese oxide i.e., Pyrulusite ore. Pyrulusite is used as an adsorbent for the present studies. It is found that the percentage removal of SO2 increases with the increase in contact time, follows first order kinetics and a unimolecular layer is formed during the process. The percentage removal of SO2 increases with increase in dosages an...

This project presents an application of artificial neural network (ANN) approach to the simulation and prediction of acid deposition conditions in the United States. The previous research is mainly focused on the effect of emission. However, with the increase of NOx emissions, acid deposition problem could become more serious in some areas despite stricter controls on SO2 pollution from coal-bu...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxygen saturation in patients with inherited diseases of the retina. METHODS Fundus oximetry images were taken using a retinal vessel analyser (IMEDOS Systems UG, Jena, Germany). Retinal vessel oximetry was performed in 53 eyes of 27 patients suffering from inherited retinal diseases and compared to 22 eyes of 11 healthy controls. The oxygen s...

There are few reports concerning the alterations in the percent of haemoglobin saturated with oxygen (%SO2) during non-steady state incremental exercise. Further, no data exist to describe the %SO2 changes during arm exercise. Therefore, the purpose of this study was made to assess the dynamic changes in %SO2 during incremental arm and leg work. Nine trained subjects (7 males and 2 females) per...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that patterns of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in the vicinity of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) before and after resection are not specific for this disease. METHODS With a microspectrophotometer, cortical oxygen saturation (So2) was measured under steady-state conditions (Paco2, 33 mm Hg) before and afte...

Natural climate variation, such as that caused by volcanoes, is the basis for identifying anthropogenic climate change. However, knowledge of the history of volcanic activity is inadequate, particularly concerning the explosivity of specific events. Some material is deposited in ice cores, but the concentration of glacial sulfate does not distinguish between tropospheric and stratospheric erupt...