fluoride is one of the most important elements in the composition of teeth and bones. this element can enter the body via different ways. however, drinking water is the most important way to receive fluoride by a lot of people. an increase in fluoride level in the body causes dental fluorosis and its absence leads to teeth decay. standard rate of fluoride in drinking water is determined by the ...

Exposure to radioactive elements or having them through drinking water causes many biological risks. Therefore, it is important to investigate the drinking water especially in regions where people depend on well water for drinking. Concentrations of some radionuclides in some water wells, in Arar city of Saudi Arabia, were measured by using Hyper Pure Germanium (HPGe) Detector. Concentrations o...

The use of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade water is very important for laboratory studies, especially food quality control. These studies have a great impact on diagnosing food health. Food health improves the health of the community and these two parameters are closely related. HPLC grade water is ultra-pure water with low UV absorption ability. This water is often purified...

Pricing policies play an important role in water demand management and its optimal allocation. Determining proper water price leads to optimal allocation of water especially in agricultural consumptions. Applying new subsidy targeting law in Iran which insists on pricing water based on its supply cost, will effects considerably on water resource management in agriculture sector. So, in this stu...

Background & objectives: In general, contamination of drinking water sources by heavy metals can poses a serious threat to the living organism, especially human. Therefore, this research examines the concentration of some heavy metals in groundwater resources and their impact on consumer health. Methods: In this study, samples were collected from 17 wells in Birjand flood plain, in autumn of 2...

Unexpected shortage of water supply is common phenomena especially in dense population such as in hostels. Water supply at the students’ hostels is usually drawn from tank at the roof top of the building. Apparently there is no early warning system to monitor the tank water level when it has reached the critical level. The situation worsened when there is no personnel or technician in-charge to...

population growth as well as development of industry and agriculture has increased the demand and competition over water resources in large watersheds especially in zayandeh rud basin and severely affected on agriculture and environment sectors. hence, providing a best scenario for the allocation of water in this basin is essential. in this study, due to alternating periods of wet, drought and ...