We document the growth in higher education costs and tuition over the past 50 years. To explain these trends, we develop a general equilibrium model with skilland sector-biased technical change. Finding the model’s parameters through a combination of estimation and calibration, we show that it can explain the rise in college costs between 1961 and 2009, along with the increase in college attain...

During a medical radioscopic examination, the X-ray dose needs to be adjusted continuously to the body region examined. In current systems, this adjustment is based on the mean grayvalue of the central part of the current image. Basing the control of the X-ray dose on this parameter alone leads to incorrect exposure, if direct radiation enters the central part of the image. We present the appli...

Contradictory requirements on the precision in L” and L2 norms prevent the classical least square procedure from identifying two time scaled systems accurately, A new identification procedure, explicitly using the time scale structure of the system, is proposed here, and is proved to solve the problem of accurate parameter estimation. Copyright @ 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.

A new framework for fault diagnosis, called structured hypothesis tests, is proposed. The basic idea is to construct the diagnosis system by combining a set of hypothesis tests. In this way, the task of diagnosis is transferred to the task of validating a set of different models with respect to the measured data. Arbitrary types of faults, including multiple faults, can be handled. That means t...

This paper addresses an estimation problem of an additive functional of φ, which is defined as θ(P ;φ) = ∑ k i=1 φ(pi), given n i.i.d. random samples drawn from a discrete distribution P = (p1, ..., pk) with alphabet size k. We have revealed in the previous paper [1] that the minimax optimal rate of this problem is characterized by the divergence speed of the fourth derivative of φ in a range o...

Model structures are compared by estimating their expected prediction performance on a validation data sequence that is independent of the data sequence used for parameter estimation. Here we show that under reasonable assumptions, this common procedure asymptotically leads to a model with the best possible expected prediction performance within the given model set.

The East German Wage Structure after Transition We extend the literature on transition economies’ wage structures by investigating the returns to tenure and experience. This study applies recent panel data and estimation approaches that control for hitherto neglected biases. We compare the life cycle structure in East and West German wages for fulltime employed men in the private sector. The pa...

In this article we propose an original method for discrete surface smoothing. This method is based on a statistical estimation of the discrete tangent plane on the voxels of the discrete surface. A geometrical constraint is used to control the recognition of the tangent plane. The resulting surface representation allows us to get both smooth normal vectors of the surface and a smooth surface me...

This paper performs Bayesian estimation of affine Gaussian dynamic term structure models (DTSMs) in which the risk price parameters are restricted. A new econometric framework for DTSM estimation allows the researcher to select plausible constraints from a large set of restrictions, to correctly quantify statistical uncertainty, and to incorporate model uncertainty. The main empirical result is...