In order to evolve in an environment designed for humans, a humanoid robot (or simply humanoid) is supposed capable of performing different motions depending on the given situation. With the walking paradigm in a mature stage, in recent years, the attention of many researchers has passed to more complicated locomotion modes. Some examples are: climbing stairs (Harada et al., 2004), falling down...

Over the last three decades, prenatal screening for Down syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities has become routine during antenatal care. Down syndrome screening has changed from the second to the first trimester of pregnancy because of the higher detection rate and earlier diagnosis. Second-trimester screening, based on the combination of maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)...

Telomeres are special deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) structures that “cap” the ends of eukaryote chromosomes. The term telomere derives from the Greek words telos, meaning “end”, and meros meaning “part”. The existence of these end-parts of chromosomes was first suggested in 1938 by Muller (Muller, 1938). Telomere length is involved in biological aging and disease processes. Telomere length is aff...

Dr. Márlio Oliveira is a graduate student, Master of Science in Dentistry Program, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and in the private practice of orthodontics at Rua Mato Grosso, 450 Universal, Betim, Minas Gerais, Brazil; e-mail: marlio_ [email protected]. Dr. Pithon is a Professor of Orthodontics, Southwest Bahia State University, Jequié,...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS In the last decade, genomic studies using DNA markers have strongly influenced the current phylogeny of angiosperms. Genome size and ploidy level have contributed to this discussion, being considered important characters in biosystematics, ecology and population biology. Despite the recent increase in studies related to genome size evolution and polyploidy incidence, only a ...

Being an artificial neural network inspired by the cerebellum, the cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) was firstly developed in (Albus, 1975a, 1975b). With the advantages such as fast learning speed, high convergence rate, good generalization capability, and easier hardware implementation (Lin & Lee, 2009; Peng & Lin, 2011), the CMAC has been successfully applied to many fields; for...

In the present issue of the journal, Yang et al (2004) point to the gravity of the cancer problem in the countries of East Asia, while Eftekhar and Yarandi (2004) and Ray and Mandal (2004) emphasize the need for more knowledge transfer and awareness of risk factors and symptoms of early cancer in the populations of Asia. In addition, Vahdaninia and Montazeri (2004) and Yeole and Kumar (2004) fo...

In this paper the authors present a conceptual framework for translating Service Data Objects (SDOs) and XML’s SDOs to the Entity Relational (ER) Model. With the increasing dependence on service oriented architectures and the increasing need for SDOs in service oriented architectures (SOA), it is important to have a good understanding of SDOs in terms of the ER model so that SDOs can be easily ...