Sixty ethnographic interviews with 15 family caregivers for frail older people living in the community were analyzed to understand the meaning of activity in caregiving. Schön's (1983) reflection-in-action framework was used to organize the data. Three goals of caregiving activity were derived: (a) getting things done, (b) achieving a sense of health and well-being for the care receiver, and (c...

Palliative care includes comprehensive strategies to optimize quality of life for patients and families confronting terminal illness. Infections are a common complication in terminal illness, and infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are particularly challenging to manage in palliative care. Limited data suggest that palliative care patients often harbor MDRO. When MDROs are p...

Achieving goals often requires the completion of sequential actions, such as finishing a series of assignments to pass a class. In the course of pursuing such goals, people can decide how closely to follow their personal standards for each action. We propose that actions at the beginning and end of a sequence appear more diagnostic of the pursuer's personal standards than do actions in the midd...

The separation of ownership and control in corporations opens up the potential for moral hazard. Thus it is conventional wisdom that managers who are not closely monitored pursue personal goals rather then maximize shareholder wealth. Yet little is known about what these goals are, despite the importance of understanding manager behavior when designing corporate governance rules. This paper pro...

Palliative care is an essential component of comprehensive care for all patients with chronic critical illness, including those receiving restorative or life-sustaining therapies. Core elements include alleviation of symptom distress, communication about care goals, alignment of treatment with the patient's values and preferences, transitional planning, and family support. Here we address stra...

OBJECTIVES To describe selected components of pediatric palliative care from diagnosis to cure or end of life that combine to help nurses and other clinicians achieve goals of care for children with cancer and their families. DATA SOURCES Published articles. CONCLUSION Pediatric palliative care is characterized by diversity of care delivery models; effect of cancer on the family as the cent...

The field of machine ethics seeks methods to ensure that future intelligent machines will act in ways beneficial to human beings. Machine ethics is relevant to a wide range of possible artificial agents, but becomes especially difficult and especially important when the agents in question have at least humanlevel intelligence. This paper describes a solution, originally proposed by Yudkowsky (2...

In order to fulfill the organization goals and objectives, multilayered network architecture and various heterogeneous server environments are used. As the network architectures are complex, there is an increased demand in information security. So each organization needs to provide sufficient network security for the known and the unknown attacks according to its goals, requirements and objecti...

Health care is a highly complex, dynamic, and creative sector of the economy. While health economics has to continue its efforts to improve its methods and tools to better inform decisions, the application needs to be aligned with the insights and models of other social sciences disciplines. Decisions may be guided by four concept models based on ethical and distributive justice: libertarian, c...

Recent research in ethics education shows a potentially problematic variation in content, curricular materials, and instruction. While ethics instruction is now widespread, studies have identified significant variation in both the goals and methods of ethics education, leaving researchers to conclude that many approaches may be inappropriately paired with goals that are unachievable. This paper...