background: ethical leadership represents the leader's proactive efforts to influence followers' ethical and unethical behavior and follower work attitudes such as perceived organizational support, affective commitment and normal behaviors. the purpose of this research was to test the relationship of ethical leadership and ethical context with affective commitment that mediating the r...

Literature abounds to show that the current anti-corruption strategies have failed to fight corruption because of neglect of ethics in these strategies, despite its importance. The purpose of this paper is to make a contribution to anti-corruption theory by developing a model that clarifies many complex ethical dilemmas around corruption. To develop a conceptual model, the extant literatures on...

This paper outlines and evaluates recent contributions by Nicos Mouzelis and Margaret Archer to the structure–agency debate. Mouzelis offers an internal reconstruction of Giddens’s structuration theory; Archer an external alternative. I show that, although representing an advance on Giddens’s position, Mouzelis’s account fails because he relies on the former’s definition of structure as compris...

The Principal Principle (PP) says that, for any proposition A , given any admissible evidence and the proposition that the chance of A is x%, one’s conditional credence in A should be x%. Humean Supervenience (HS) claims that, among possible worlds like ours, no two differ without differing in the spacetime-point-by-spacetime-point arrangement of local properties. David Lewis (1986b, 1994) has ...

I sketch a philosophical program called ‘Empirical Fundamentalism,’ whose signature feature is the extensive use of a distinction between fundamental and derivative reality. Within the framework of Empirical Fundamentalism, derivative reality is treated as an abstraction from fundamental reality. I show how one can understand reduction and supervenience in terms of abstraction, and then I apply...

Humean supervenience is named in honor of the great denier of necessary connections. It is the doctrine that all there is to the world is a vast mosaic of local matters of particular fact, just one little thing and then another . . .. We have geometry: a system of external relations of spatiotemporal distances between points . . .. And at those points we have local qualities: perfectly natural ...

Scott Sehon argues for a complex view about the relation between commonsense psychology and the physical sciences.1 He rejects any sort of Cartesian dualism and believes that the common-sense psychological facts supervene on the physical facts. Nevertheless he asserts that there is an important respect in which common-sense psychology is independent of the physical sciences. Despite supervenien...

Timothy Williamson holds that vagueness, properly understood, is an epistemic phenomenon: vague terms and concepts have precise boundaries of correct applicability and non-applicability, but humans are necessarily ignorant of the locations of these boundaries. Williamson argues that our ignorance of boundary locations, and our inability to imagine recognizing a transition as a transition, are p...

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