Kidney and liver mitochondria of rat, rabbit and guinea pig are able to transform 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate into acetoacetate, whereas ox liver mitochondria and rat mitochondria of heart, diaphragm and brain do not exhibit such an activity. Starvation and streptozotocin treatment decreases the formation of acetoacetate from 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate. Addition of acetoacetate and succinate t...

Myocardial glucose use is regulated by competing substrates and hormonal influences. However, the interactions of these effectors on the metabolism of exogenous glucose and glucose derived from endogenous glycogen are not completely understood. In order to determine changes in exogenous glucose uptake, glucose oxidation, and glycogen enrichment, hearts were perfused with glucose (5 mM) either a...

BACKGROUND Ketogenic diets are used therapeutically to treat intractable seizures. Clinically, it appears that the maintenance of ketosis is crucial to the efficacy of the diet in ameliorating seizures. To understand how ketosis and seizure protection are related, a reliable, noninvasive measure of ketosis that can be performed frequently with minimal discomfort is needed. OBJECTIVE The objec...

Blunted beta-adrenergic inotropism in stunned myocardium is restored by pharmacological (N-acetylcysteine) and metabolic (pyruvate) antioxidants. The ketone body acetoacetate is a natural myocardial fuel and antioxidant that improves contractile function of prooxidant-injured myocardium. The impact of acetoacetate on postischemic cardiac function and beta-adrenergic signaling has never been rep...

The reaction of 3-chloropropyl boehmite nanoparticles with caffeine and sulfuric acid afforded BNPs-3-propyl-imidazolopyridinium hydrogen sulfate [BNPs-Caff]HSO4 as a new BNPs-supported ionic liquid (IL) catalyst. [BNPs-Caff]HSO4 proved to be an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of pyrazolopyranopyrimidines via a one-pot four-component reaction of...

Biginelli-type reaction was developed by means of a three-component condensation of analdehyde, ethyl acetoacetate, urea or thiourea and nano alumina sulfonic acid (Al2O3-SO3H)(NASA) as catalyzed. It is carried out under different conditions. In all conditions, the desiredproducts are obtained in high yields after relatively short reaction times. Nevertheless, thereactions proceeded faster and ...

This study introduces a green and efficient method for preparation of biologically-active substituted 4H-pyrans using the one-pot three-component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, dimedone and malononitrile in the presence of cobalt oxide nanoparticles. Co3O4 nanoparticles were used as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives by the reaction ...

In the current study, amorphous silica nanoparticles were easily extracted from rice husk ash. The target composite was synthesized by the direct incorporation of chloropropyl groups through the condensation of nanosilica and 3-chloropropyl trimethoxysilane and then grafting of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine (Melamine) onto the propyl groups by the simple nucleophilic substitution reaction (RHA@...

Myocardial glucose use is regulated by competing substrates and hormonal influences. However, the interactions of these effectors on the metabolism of exogenous glucose and glucose derived from endogenous glycogen are not completely understood. In order to determine changes in exogenous glucose uptake, glucose oxidation, and glycogen enrichment, hearts were perfused with glucose (5 mM) either a...