Organisms make two types of decisions on a regular basis. Perceptual decisions are determined by objective states of the world (e.g., melons are bigger than apples), whereas value-based decisions are determined by subjective preferences (e.g., I prefer apples to melons). Theoretical accounts suggest that both types of choice involve neural computations accumulating evidence for the choice alter...

in this commentary, the idea of closing the gap between knowing and doing through closing the gap between academics and practitioners is explored. the two communities approach to knowledge production and use, has predominated within healthcare, resulting in a separation between the worlds of research and practice, and, therefore, between its producers and users. meaningful collaborations betwee...

introduction: the successful practice of dentistry, including endodontics, relies on a wide spectrum of dental research. the quantity and quality of research evidence in endodontics have seldom been evaluated. the aim of this study was to evaluate the level of evidence in current leading endodontic journals. materials and methods: all the articles published in 2000, 2006 and 2010 in two major e...

Five studies tested the idea that people are reluctant to make proplaintiff liability decisions when the plaintiffs evidence is based on naked statistical evidence alone. Students (n = 740) and experienced trial judges (M = 111) averaged fewer than 10% affirmative decisions of liability when a case was based on naked statistical evidence but averaged over 65% affirmative decisions based on othe...

There is controversy in the literature regarding a number of topics related to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)reconstruction. The purpose of this article is to answer the following questions: 1) Bone patellar tendon bone (BPTB) reconstruction or hamstring reconstruction (HR); 2) Double bundle or single bundle; 3) Allograft or authograft; 4) Early or late reconstruction; 5) Rate of return to sp...

BACKGROUND Current healthcare systems have extended the evidence-based medicine (EBM) approach to health policy and delivery decisions, such as access-to-care, healthcare funding and health program continuance, through attempts to integrate valid and reliable evidence into the decision making process. These policy decisions have major impacts on society and have high personal and financial cost...

many cultures have developed folk herbal remedies for various symptoms of mental illness. an evidence base now is being developed for some of these “alternative” herbal remedies. there has been an increase in the number and proportion of clinical trials of complementary medicine, which suggests a trend toward an evidence-based approach. this review presents the scientific information regarding ...