In the blockchain network, to get rewards in blockchain, participants pay for various forms of competition such as computing power, stakes, and other resources. Because need a certain cost, individual cooperate maintain long-term stability jointly. course competition, game between each has appeared invisibly. To better understand design cooperation mechanisms, this paper, we constructed framewo...

Important Scientific Research and Open Questions Finally, there are many interesting research projects related to learning and the evolution of social norms that could be highlighted: (a) the “economic anthropology” of Herbert Gintis and Samuel Bowles, which is basedmainly on EGT tools, reviewing topics such as the importance and origins of reciprocity, fairness and cooperation in primitive soc...

This chapter begins with some basic terminology, introducing elementary game theoretic notions such as payoff, strategy, best reply, Nash equilibrium pairs etc. Players who use strategies which are in Nash equilibrium have no incentive to deviate unilaterally. Next, a population viewpoint is introduced. Players meet randomly, interact according to their strategies, and obtain a payoff. This pay...

This work concentrates broadly on linguistic theory and the methodology thereof, criticizes the role intuition plays, and suggests a gradual replacement of intuition-based data with neurological data to remedy the problem. It argues that linguists can exploit the evolutionary design of the brain to solve interface issues and that, as technology becomes more sophisticated, neurological data will...

Here we postulate three laws which form a mathematical framework for the evolutionary dynamics in biology. The second law is most quantitative and is explicitly expressed in a unique form of stochastic differential equation. Salient features of Darwinian evolutionary dynamics are captured by this law: the probabilistic nature of evolution, ascendancy, and the adaptive landscape. Four dynamical ...

Policy folklists present a set of alleged historical facts seen as relevant to some social issue. Although the validity of these folklists is dubious, leaders and writers circulate them in the media, variants arise, and the lists continue on, sometimes for decades. Folklists are repeated because their messages are appealing and their users are credible. Because folklists are on the record, we c...

We analyze a model in which individuals have hereditary reproductive types. The reproductive value of an individual is determined by her reproductive type and the amount of resources she can access. We introduce the possibility of suicide and assume it is also a genetic trait that interacts with the reproductive type of an individual. The main result of the paper is that populations where suici...

Selectionist evolutionary theory has often been faulted for not making novel predictions that are surprising, risky, and correct. I argue that it in fact exhibits the theoretical virtue of predictive capacity in addition to two other virtues: explanatory unification and model fitting. Two case studies show the predictive capacity of selectionist evolutionary theory: parallel evolutionary change...

Hayek was a firm believer in the effect of evolution on human behavior. This was a real advance since he wrote in a time when most social scientists believed in the “blank slate” (Pinker, 2002) and denied the influence of biology on human actions. Moreover, Hayek got the basic outline of the problem right. Most of human existence has been spent in small groups (25–250 members) and many of our t...

Argument. Selectionist thinking is applied to Ž ve areas: the relationship of age and sex to crime, the inverse correlation between degree of kinship and homicide, paedophilia, persistent antisociality, and sexual coercion. In each of these areas, ultimate causes of behaviour are distinguished from proximal causes. Ultimate causes are produced by selective forces in ancestral environments and a...