the emphasis of this paper is the role of volatility indices on improvement artificial neural networks (anns) forecasting models for the daily usd/eur and usd/gbp exchange rates two volatility indices are used. first; the realized volatility, which is based on intra-daily data, and second the garch volatility. they are applied into the model in two ways. firstly, the lagged volatility index is ...

the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of outside board on rm value in tehran stock exchange (tse) from the perspective of information transaction costs. to do so, a sample of 96 firms listed in tse is selected to be studied during the period of 2003-2012. tobin q ratio is used to measure rm's value and bid-ask spread for information transaction costs. in addition to these v...