This thesis investigates the cognitive processes and representations underlying human judgment in a multiple-cue judgment task. Several recent models assume that people have several qualitatively distinct and competing levels of knowledge representations (Ashby, The most successful cognitive models in categorization and multiple-cue judgment are, respectively, exemplar-based models and rule-bas...

Five studies examine the role that category and exemplar knowledge play in the mediation of anchoring effects--the assimilation of an absolute estimate to a previously considered standard. Studies 1 through 3 demonstrate that comparing the target object with a plausible anchor (i.e., a standard that constitutes a possible value for the target) leads to a selective increase in the accessibility ...

In this paper we extend the concept of exception spaces as defined by Cost and Salzberg (Cost and Salzberg, 1993), in the context of exemplar-based reasoning. Cost et al. defined exception spaces based on the goodness, in terms of performance, of an exemplar. While this is straightforward when using exemplars for classification problems, such a definition does not exist for regression problems....

Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients often exhibit deficits on conceptual implicit memory tests such as category exemplar generation and word association. However, these tests rely on word production abilities, which are known to be disrupted by AD. The current study assessed conceptual implicit memory performance in AD patients and elderly control participants using a conceptual priming task that...

Category learning is often modeled as either an exemplar-based or a rule-based process. This paper shows that both strategies can be combined in a cognitive architecture that was developed to model other task domains. Variations on the exemplar-based random walk (EBRW) model of Nosofsky and Palmeri (1997b) and the rule-plus-exception (RULEX) rule-based model of Nosofsky, Palmeri, and McKinley (...

Usually, the low-level representation of images is unsatisfied for image classification due to the well-known semantic gap, and further hinders its application for high-level visual applications. To deal with these problems, in this paper, we propose a simple but effective image representation for image classification, which is denoted as the responses to a set of exemplar image classifiers. Ea...

We develop a model for the stability and maintenance of phonological categories. Examples of phonological categories are vowel sounds such as i and e. We model such categories as consisting of collections of labeled exemplars that language users store in their memory. Each exemplar is a detailed memory of an instance of the linguistic entity in question. Starting from an exemplar-level model we...

J. D. Smith and colleagues (J. P. Minda & J. D. Smith, 2001; J. D. Smith & J. P. Minda, 1998,2000; J. D. Smith, M. J. Murray, & J. P. Minda, 1997) presented evidence that they claimed challenged the predictions of exemplar models and that supported prototype models. In the authors' view, this evidence confounded the issue of the nature of the category representation with the type of response ru...

In this article we present results from an experimental evaluation study of the HP Exemplar le system. Our experiments consist of simple micro-benchmarks that study the impact of various factors on the le system performance. These factors include I/O request/buuer sizes, vectored/non-vectored access patterns, read-ahead policies, multi-threaded (temporally irregular) requests, and architectural...

This paper considers the exemplar theories which are independently developing in phonetics and in syntax, and argues that they jointly make some predictions that neither does alone. One of these predictions is explored in the context of two sound changes which occurred in the history of New Zealand English. We show that both of these phonetic changes were affected by phrase-level factors. The r...