Abstract That certain paper bills have monetary value, that Vladimir Putin is the president of Russia, and Prince Philip husband Queen Elizabeth II: such facts are commonly called ‘institutional facts’ (IFF). IFF are, by definition, exist virtue collective recognition (where can be direct or indirect). The standard view tacit belief really exist. In this we argue, however, they do not—they just...

Flows over time provide a natural and convenient description for the dynamics of a continuous stream of particles traveling from a source to a sink in a network, allowing to track the progress of each infinitesimal particle along time. A basic model for the propagation of flow is the so-called fluid queue model in which the time to traverse an edge is composed of a flow-dependent waiting time i...

Inspired by a recent work Berger, we introduce the concept of pointwise emergence. This provides with new quantitative perspective into study non-existence averages for dynamical systems. We show that high emergence on large set appears abundant systems: Any continuous maps compact metric space specification property have super-polynomial residual subset state space. Furthermore, there is dense...