A life cycle approach was adopted for energy, green house gas (GHG) emissions and renewability assessment for production of 1ton of Jatropha biodiesel. Allocation and displacement approaches were applied for life cycle inventory, process energy and process GHG emission attribution to co-products. The results of process energy and GHG emission analyses revealed that the amount of process energy ...

According to recent reports, millions of people across the globe are suffering from arsenic (As) toxicity. Arsenic is present in different oxidative states in the environment and enters in the food chain through soil and water. In the agricultural field, irrigation with arsenic contaminated water, that is, having a higher level of arsenic contamination on the top soil, which may affects the qua...

Climate change has severely impacted the rain-fed agricultural production system which is dominant in Nepal. This situation demands implementable strategies like supplemental irrigation for mitigating adverse impacts. In spite of importance irrigation, it not adopted on a wider scale. Hence, this paper aims to assess perceptions climate and identify factors that influence adoption practices. im...

To verify the possible impact of irrigated urban agriculture on malaria transmission in cities, we studied entomological parameters, self-reported malaria episodes, and household-level data in the city of Kumasi, Ghana. A comparison was made between city locations without irrigated agriculture, city locations with irrigated urban vegetable production, and peri-urban (PU) locations with rain-fed...

in the vast rainfed regions, diminishing returns from the public irrigation systems, climate change induced chaotic fluctuations in the hydrologic regimes and a large demand-supply gap in non-cereal food items are all compelling reasons for the need to realise the production potential of rainfed farming areas. Little control over the rainfall and absence of suitable mechanisms for storing or co...

We examine the effect of local precipitation shocks on appropriation risk faced by women using annual data from 583 districts in India over the period 2002-2007. We use annual deviations of rainfall from the long term local mean to isolate the impact of rain shocks on crimes against women. We find that dry shocks (below-average rainfall) increase reported domestic violence and dowry deaths, as ...

To supply water to the fields, an irrigation system is built, which includes a source of supply, intake structure with pumping unit, transport, distribution and working channels or pipes. Closed open networks are built on fields. In closed network, under pressure supplied through pipes hydrants machines installations. The network laid in form temporary pipelines, trays, from by pumps sprinklers...

Background: Irrigation practices have impact on the distribution of schistosomiasis; so, identifying newly established schistosomiasis transmission foci allows for designing prevention and control strategy. Objective: To establish schistosomiasis prevalence and intensity in relation to development of water bodies for irrigation. Methods: A survey of stool specimens of 2000 school children using...

The spectrum of risks that affect the income of agricultural producers and agribusinesses is quite broad. The two predominant risks are: price risk, reflecting variations in market prices for agricultural commodities and production inputs; and production risk, which encompasses variations in the volume or quality of the commodity produced. This note focuses on one of the most pervasive producti...