We consider a hypothetical company that is assumed to have just manufactured and sold a number of copies of a product. It is known that, with a small probability, the company has committed a manufacturing fault that will require a recall. The company is able to observe the expiration times of the sold items whose distribution depends on whether the fault is present or absent. At the expiration ...

Certain hard real-time tasks demand precise timing of events, but the usual software solution of periodic interrupts driving a scheduler only provides precision in the millisecond range. NOP-insertion can provide higher precision, but is tedious to do manually, requires predictable instruction timing, and works best with simple algorithms. To achieve high-precision timing in software, we propos...

An isochrone in a spatial network is the possibly disconnected set of all locations from where a query point is reachable within a given time span and by a given arrival time. In this paper we propose an efficient and scalable evaluation algorithm, termed (MINEX), for the computation of isochrones in multimodal spatial networks with different transportation modes. The space complexity of MINEX ...

Kidneys are the most prevalent organ transplants, but demand dwarfs supply. Kidney exchanges enable willing but incompatible donor-patient pairs to swap donors. These swaps can include cycles longer than two pairs as well, and chains triggered by altruistic donors. Current kidney exchanges address clearing (deciding who gets kidneys from whom) as an offline problem: they optimize the current ba...

PROBLEM The expiry of medicines in the supply chain is a serious threat to the already constrained access to medicines in developing countries. APPROACH We investigated the extent of, and the main contributing factors to, expiry of medicines in medicine supply outlets in Kampala and Entebbe, Uganda. A cross-sectional survey of six public and 32 private medicine outlets was done using semi-str...

The variability in deceased organ donation registries worldwide has received little attention. We considered all operating registries, where individual wishes about organ donation were recorded in a computerized database. We included registries which recorded an individual's decision to be a donor (donor registry), and registries which only recorded an individual's objection (non-donor registry...

This document defines the requirements for Distributed Mobility Management (DMM) at the network layer. The hierarchical structure in traditional wireless networks has led primarily to centralized deployment models. As some wireless networks are evolving away from the hierarchical structure, a distributed model for mobility management can be useful to them. Requirements Language The key words "M...

Biological anticancer therapies developed in recent decades have contributed to improvements in patient care for serious illnesses. Patents for several biologics will soon expire, paving the way for initiating approval processes for biosimilarsddefined as highly similar versions of already licensed or approved biological therapies. The aim of developing a biosimilar is to establish similarity i...

The Internet is undergoing changes of its traffic mix, with the IP-based interactive multimedia applications gaining momentum. According to studies, UDP-based multimedia traffic has in recent years risen to above 25% of the overall Internet traffic volume, as compared to only 5% a decade ago. To these delay sensitive real-time interactive multimedia applications, out of delay boundary packets a...

Creol is an object-oriented modeling language in which inherently concurrent objects exchange asynchronous method calls. The operational semantics of Creol is written in an actor-based style, formulated in rewriting logic. The operational semantics yields a language interpreter in the Maude system, which can be used to analyze models. Recently, Creol has been applied to the modeling of systems ...