We present an integer programming formulation of the min-sum arborescence with node outage costs problem. The solution to the problem consists of selecting links to connect a set of terminal nodes to a root node with minimal expected annual cost, where the annual cost is the sum of annual links costs and annual outage costs. The links in the network are prone to failure and each terminal node h...

Recently, there is a growing interest in the applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A set of sensor nodes is deployed in order to collectively survey an area of interest and/or perform specific surveillance tasks in some of the applications, such as battlefield reconnaissance. Due to the harsh deployment environments and limited energy supply, nodes may fail, which impacts the connect...

In this paper, we have studied a linear optimization problem subject to a system of fuzzy relation equations and presented a procedure to nd an optimal solution. Because of the non-convexity nature of its feasible domain, we tend to believe that there is no polynomial-time algorithm for this problem. The best we can do here is that, after analyzing the properties of its feasible domain, we conv...

Dynamic lot sizing problem is one of the significant problem in industrial units and it has been considered by  many researchers. Considering the quantity discount in  purchasing cost is one of the important and practical assumptions in the field of inventory control models and it has been less focused in terms of stochastic version of dynamic lot sizing problem. In  this paper, stochastic dyn...

introduction: several radiotracers are being used for sentinel node mapping in patients with breast cancer. in the current study, we reported our experience with 99m-tc phytate for sentinel node mapping in mashhad university of medical sciences. methods: all breast cancer patients who underwent sentinel node mapping using 99m-tc phytate were included. all patients received intradermal peri-areo...

In many traditional mobile network scenarios, nodes establish communication on the basis of persistent public identities. However, in some hostile and suspicious MANET settings, node identities must not be exposed and node movements must be untraceable. Instead, nodes need to communicate on the basis of nothing more than their current locations. In this paper, we address some interesting issues...