background and aims: each year, the influenza virus causes moderate to severe infections with a high prevalence throughout the world. accordingly, an influenza vaccine that ensures protection with only a single dose would be a much more cost effective approach to influenza prophylaxis. generation of influenza non-replicating virus-like particles (vlp) in baculoviral expression system is an attr...

Background: Nanosilver (NS) contains silver nanoparticles to control infections delivered from bacteria. The NS compounds as well as being toxic to prokaryotes are highly toxic to mammalian cells. The present study was evaluated the effect of colloidal NS on leydig cells glucose transporter type I (GLUT I) expression, serum level of testosterone, germinal cells RNA damage and spermiogenesis pro...

The human oncogenic virus Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) is the most common cause of malignancies among AIDS patients. KSHV possesses over hundred genes, including 25 microRNAs (miRNAs). The roles of these miRNAs and many other viral genes in KSHV biology and pathogenesis remain largely unknown. Accordingly, the molecular mechanisms by which KSHV induces tumorigenesis are still poorly defi...

HMGCS2, the gene that regulates ketone body production, is expressed in liver and several extrahepatic tissues, such as the colon. In CaCo-2 colonic epithelial cells, the expression of this gene increases with cell differentiation. Accordingly, immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies shows that HMGCS2 is expressed mainly in differentiated cells of human colonic epithelium. Here, we used a...

The activation of blood cells, including T cells, triggers intracellular signals that control the expression of critical molecules, including cytokines and cytokine receptors. We show that T-cell receptor (TCR) ligation increases the cellular level of the protein linker for activation of T cells (LAT), a molecule critical for T-cell development and function. T-cell activation increased LAT mess...

Introduction: It has been reported the alkaline response of pancreas to duodenal acidification is partly mediated through duodenal release of H2S, but till now the effect of duodenal acidification on gastric H2S release has not been investigated. Therefore, the present study designed to evaluate the effects of duodenal acidification on gastric H2S release and level of mRNA expression of cys...

Autonomous transport is receiving increasing attention, with research and development activities already providing prototype implementations. In this article we focus on Passenger Ships (APS) , which are being considered as a solution for passenger across urban waterways. The ambition of the authors has been to examine safety security implications such Cyber Physical System (CPS) particularly f...

Drought stress is one of the important factors that restrict crop production in the world. This study was conducted to investigate defense gene expression in response to drought stress, and also to evaluate the drought tolerance and its mechanism in rice cultivars based on randomized complete block design in two separate environments (drought stress and non-stress). The rice cultivars used incl...