Modularity, often observed in biological systems, does not easily arise in computational evolution. We explore the effect of adding a small fitness cost for each connection between neurons on the modularity of neural networks produced by the NEAT neuroevolution algorithm. We find that this connection cost does not increase the modularity of the best network produced by each run of the algorithm...

In this paper, we introduce a su¢ cient condition on the domain of admissible preferences of a social choice mechanism under which the properties of individual and coalitional strategyproofness are equivalent. Then, we illustrate the usefulness of this general result in the case where a …xed budget has to be allocated among several pure public goods. Université de Toulouse 1, Gremaq and Idei, F...

Estimating spatial mean root-zone soil moisture from point-scale observations A. J. Teuling, R. Uijlenhoet, F. Hupet, E. E. van Loon, and P. A. Troch Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands Department of Environmental Sciences and Land Use Planning, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium Institute for Biodiversit...

While it has been observed (Hornby et al., 2001) that developmental encodings in evolved systems may promote modularity, there has been little quantitative study of this phenomenon. There has also been little study of the factors driving the emergence of hierarchical modularity modularity on multiple levels, in which the modules found at a finer-grained level can serve as elements in a coarser-...

This paper gives an upside-down view of the problem of collective intentionality by providing a treatment of the notion of intentional collective. Based on reviews of the relevant literature, we apply two formal-ontological tools of our choice (namely, DOLCE and D&S) to the definition of the notions of collection, agent, plan and collective, all underlying the concept of intentional collective....

The extent of collaboration and cooperation is an important determinant for the development of a tourism destination. These features are usually assessed through qualitative investigations. This letter proposes a quantitative approach based on the evaluation of the modularity characteristics of the network of the destination stakeholders. The results of a sample analysis are reported.

BACKGROUND Several studies have mentioned network modularity-that a network can easily be decomposed into subgraphs that are densely connected within and weakly connected between each other-as a factor affecting metabolic robustness. In this paper we measure the relation between network modularity and several aspects of robustness directly in a model system of metabolism. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPA...

Biological systems are modular, and this modularity evolves over time and in different environments. A number of observations have been made of increased modularity in biological systems under increased environmental pressure. We here develop a quasispecies theory for the dynamics of modularity in populations of these systems. We show how the steady-state fitness in a randomly changing environm...

In this paper, an extended observer was investigated and then implemented for generating approximate state feedback for an Internal Combustion (IC) engine. IC engines are inherently highly nonlinear in nature, therefore, present a problem for system modeling and observer design. A state-dependent gain scheduling control was used to improve state estimation. An extended observer was implemented ...