Pure crystalline bilirubin was isolated from human, calf, hog, and dog gallbladder bile and compared with commercially-available materials. All may be purified by recrystallization from pyridine. The extinction coefficient in chloroform is 60,000-61,000 at 450-453 mit. Standardization of the analytical “azobilirubin” (van den Bergh) reaction may be based on aqueous alkaline solutions of bilirub...

Suspensions of nanoparticles (i.e., particles with diameters < 100 nm) in liquids, termed nanofluids, show remarkable thermal and optical property changes from the base liquid at low particle loadings. Recent studies also indicate that selected nanofluids may improve the efficiency of direct absorption solar thermal collectors. To determine the effectiveness of nanofluids in solar applications,...

Around 75% of civilians have experienced at least one traumatic event in their lives, and this number is considerably higher in many parts of the world, as well as in military veterans and first responders. Of those exposed to trauma, 15-25% will develop Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).&nbsp; PTSD extracts enormous economic, health, and quality of life cost. Thus, it is critical to underst...

A spectrophotometric method for the determination of borohydride is described. It involves the reduction of NAD’ to a number of isomeric forms of NADH by borohydride. In the standard assay procedure herewith presented, there is a direct proportionality between the absorption at 340 nm and the amount of borohydride in solution over the range IO-100 nmoles, with an effective “molar extinction coe...

where ~ = (Kp/rR ) '~ is the weighted nongreyness, K p and r R are the Planck mean and the Rosseland mean of the absorption coefficient, r = rM6 K is optical thickness, r M = (rprR)'/~ the mean absorption, 8 K the conduction flame thickness, P = 4o TM3/(~5 K) the Planck number, T M the adiabatic flame temperature, ~ the thermal conductivity, and w the albedo, the ratio of scattering to extinction.

We investigate the relationship between the nested organization of mutualistic systems and their robustness against the extinction of species. We establish that a nested pattern of contacts is the best possible one as far as robustness is concerned, but only when the least linked species have the greater probability of becoming extinct. We introduce a coefficient that provides a quantitative me...

We present comparative measurements of two Mach–Zehnder interferometers, one with Y-junction couplers and the other with MMI couplers, both developed in siliconon-insulator technology and using plasma dispersion effect for light phase modulation. Measurements of fiber-to-fiber losses, absorption coefficient, output intensity vs. time and extinction ratio vs. frequency have been performed at λ= ...

We have created a simple model to analyze the restrictions on superluminal ring laser gyroscopes arising from the absorption of coating materials. For a ring laser gyroscope with a cavity length of 15 cm, the scale factor enhancement is nearly impossible due to absorption from the high dispersion mirror. In order to obtain a practical superluminal ring laser gyroscope, the extinction coefficien...

There are several unsolved problems concerning the model of nearly neutral mutations. One is the interaction of subdivided population structure and weak selection that spatially fluctuates. The model of nearly neutral mutations whose selection coefficient spatially fluctuates has been studied by adopting the island model with periodic extinction-recolonization. Both the number of colonies and t...

Ellipsometry was used to measure the amplitude ratio and phase difference of light undergoing a phase shift as it interacts with a thin film of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPI) deposited onto a (100) silicon wafer. The refractive index and extinction coefficient was extracted from a multi-oscillator model fit to the ellipsometry data, as a function of wavelength, from 300 t...