We analysed the results of extraocular muscle surgery in 38 patients with stable Graves' ophthalmopathy. Fixed sutures were used in all patients. A useful field of binocular single vision was achieved in 27 patients (71%) after one operation and in seven patients (18%) after more than one, whereas double vision was persistent in four (11%). No recurrence of diplopia was seen during one year of ...

The authors report four cases of the rarest form of the congenital fibrosis syndrome. This disorder is exhibited in infancy as unilateral blepharoptosis, strabismus, limited ductions, globe displacement (enophthalmos and blepharoptosis), and decreased vision, usually due to amblyopia. Forced ductions are positive and surgical exploration confirms anomalous muscle structure. Computed tomography ...

Extraocular muscles differ from most other skeletal muscles in terms of constituent fiber types and innervation pattern. The rules that govern fiber responses to various experimental interventions for most skeletal muscles, therefore, may not strictly apply to the extraocular muscles. In this study, denervation of the extraocular muscles of Cynomolgous monkeys, Macaca fascicularis, was accompli...

Extraocular muscles differ from most other skeletal muscles in terms of constituent fiber types and innervation pattern. The rules that govern fiber responses to various experimental interventions for most skeletal muscles, therefore, may not strictly apply to the extraocular muscles. In this study, denervation of the extraocular muscles of Cynomolgous monkeys, Macaca fascicularis, was accompli...

purpose: to present two cases of axial high myopia with esotropia (heavy eye syndrome) and the results of its surgical management. case report: two female subjects (15 and 17 years old) were referred to poostchi eye clinic, shiraz, iran with axial high myopia and esotropia. eye examination revealed more than 50 prism diopter (pd) esotropia and more than 10 pd hypotropia in primary position as w...

Humans express five distinct myosin isoforms in the sarcomeres of adult striated muscle (fast IIa, IId, the slow/cardiac isoform I/β, the cardiac specific isoform α, and the specialized extraocular muscle isoform). An additional isoform, IIb, is present in the genome but is not normally expressed in healthy human muscles. Muscle fibers expressing each isoform have distinct characteristics inclu...

PURPOSE To assess the influence of the Pitx2 transcription factor on the global gene expression profile of extraocular muscle (EOM) of mice. METHODS Mice with a conditional knockout of Pitx2, designated Pitx2(Δflox/Δflox) and their control littermates Pitx2(flox/flox), were used. RNA was isolated from EOM obtained at 3, 6, and 12 weeks of age and processed for microarray-based profiling. Pair...

A 51year-old man presented with binocular diplopia on the three days after the snakebite in the fifth finger of the right hand by an Agkistrodon blomhoffi (mamushi). In the primary position he had an exotropia and right hypertropia, which became apparent when his head was tilted to the right. From ocular angle of deviation measured by synoptophore and Hess chart test, he was diagnosed as having...

Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies, similar to those previously described in abnormal and normal human extraocular muscle, were observed in the orbital surface layer of the superior rectus muscle in rabbit. These inclusion bodies are composed of a flocculent material of low density studded with granular foci of increased density. In sequential samples of serially reconstructed muscle fibers visualize...

The extraocular muscles are responsible for all eye movements required to track and fix objects. Superior rectus muscle is located in the superior level of orbital cavity, below musculus levator palpebrae superioris , tilted slightly lateral part orbit. In a routine dissection, we found left, unilateral variation with no other structures, such as nerves vessels. abnormal presented two parts - m...